Apter's Cultural Values in Development Administration
David Apter, in his 1965 work on development administration, distinguished between two types of cultural values based on their relationship with the modernization and development process.
Instrumental Values
Instrumental values are those that are perceived as means to achieve specific goals. In the context of development, these values prioritize efficiency, progress, rationality, and the achievement of desired outcomes. They inherently support the development process because they align with the objectives of change and modernization.
Consummatory Values
Consummatory values, conversely, are considered ends in themselves. They often relate to tradition, identity, ritual, and deeply held beliefs that are not easily changed or measured by developmental metrics. These values can potentially hamper development efforts if they create resistance to change or conflict with modernization goals.
Applying Apter's Concepts
Based on Apter's framework:
- Cultural values that support development are instrumental.
- Cultural values that hamper development are consummatory.
Therefore, the correct completion of the sentence is "instrumental ; consummation".
Important Questions from Public Administration
- Which is not the difference between Public and Social Welfare Administration ?
Match the following different level of the organization (List-l) with its functions of administration (List-II).
List-1
Level of the organisationList - II
Functions of Administration(a) Institutional level (i) Performance of the technical activities-
counselling clients, referral, teaching or
provision of material resources(b) Managerial level (ii) Includes tasks directed towards procurement
and allocation of resources, structural design,
co-ordination and direction(c) Technical level (iii) Personify organizational goals, to give
leadership to boards, staff and clients- Match the terms of Welfare Organizations (List-l) with its functions (List-II).
List - 1
(Terms of Welfare Organisations)List - II
(Functions)(a) Voluntary Organisation
(VOS)(i) Creations of government and serve as
instruments of government policy(b) Public Service
Contracters (PSCs)(ii) Represent their member, interests, have
member accountable leadership, and
are substantially self-reliant(c) Peoples Organizations
(POS)(iii) Function as market oriented non profit
business serving public purposes(d) Non Governmental
Organisations (NGO)(iv) Pursue a social mission driven by a
commitment to shared values - The human welfare organization management is based upon
(i) Principles and techniques of management
(ii) Directed to the specific social work task
(iii)Promoting preconceived motion
(iv)Well-being of vulnerable population - The state Social Welfare Advisory Boards were set up in different states between
