Active Passive Voice Transformation Explained

This section explains how to change a sentence from active voice to passive voice, focusing on the given example.

Analyzing the Original Active Sentence

The original sentence provided is:

Original Sentence: Navin M Raheja has made several contributions in the field of conversation.

Let's break down this sentence:

• Subject: Navin M Raheja (the one performing the action)
• Verb: has made (Verb phrase in Present Perfect tense, Active voice)
• Object: several contributions in the field of conversation (the one receiving the action)

The tense used here is the Present Perfect tense (Subject + have/has + Past Participle). We need to convert this to the Passive voice.

Passive Voice Conversion Rules

To convert a sentence from Active voice (Present Perfect) to Passive voice (Present Perfect), follow these steps:

1. Make the object of the active sentence the subject of the passive sentence.
2. Change the verb phrase: Use the appropriate form of 'to be' (in this case, 'have been' or 'has been') followed by the past participle of the main verb. Use 'have been' if the new subject is plural or 'I'/'you'/'they'; use 'has been' if the new subject is singular (he/she/it).
3. Add the original subject of the active sentence after the preposition 'by'.

The structure for Passive Present Perfect is: Object + have/has + been + Past Participle + by + Subject.

Applying the Rule to the Sentence

Let's apply these rules to our sentence:

• New Subject (Old Object): Several contributions in the field of conversation
• Verb Change: The verb 'has made' changes to 'have been made'. We use 'have been' because 'contributions' is plural.
• Agent (Old Subject): by Navin M Raheja

Combining these parts, the passive sentence becomes:

Passive Sentence: Several contributions in the field of conversation have been made by Navin M Raheja.

Comparing Options with the Correct Passive Form

Now let's compare our derived passive sentence with the given options:

• Option 1: Navin M Raheja is making several contributions in the field of conservation. (Incorrect tense - Present Continuous Active)
• Option 2: Several contributions in the field of conservation are being made by Navin M Raheja. (Incorrect tense - Present Continuous Passive)
• Option 3: Several contributions in the field of conversation have been made by Navin M Raheja (Correct tense - Present Perfect Passive, matches our derived sentence)
• Option 4: Several contributions in the field of conservation were made by Navin M Raheja (Incorrect tense - Past Simple Passive)

Option 3 correctly transforms the original sentence into the Passive voice using the Present Perfect tense.

Conclusion

The correct conversion of the active sentence "Navin M Raheja has made several contributions in the field of conversation." into passive voice is accurately represented by Option 3.