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List of Top Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology Questions on Sterilization of Air and Media

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Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology
Sterilization of Air and Media
Q1)
A batch sterilizer is being operated at 121$^{\circ}$C for sterilizing a medium containing microbial cells. Assume that the thermal deactivation of cells is a first order process with a death rate constant of $0.69 \text{ min}^{-1}$ at 121$^{\circ}$C. If the initial concentration of microbes in the medium is $10^{10} \text{ cells m}^{-3}$, the time taken to reduce the microbial load to a final concentration of $10 \text{ cells m}^{-3}$ is _________ min. (rounded off to the nearest integer)
Bioprocess Engineering and Process BiotechnologySterilization of Air and Media
Q2)
The growth medium for mammalian cells contains serum. One of the major functions of serum is to stimulate cell growth and attachment. However, it must be filter sterilized to
Bioprocess Engineering and Process BiotechnologySterilization of Air and Media
Q3)
Match the entries in Group I with the methods of sterilization in Group II.
Group IGroup II
P. Serum1. Autoclave
Q. Luria broth2. Membrane filtration
R. Polypropylene tubes3. UV irradiation
S. Biological safety cabinets4. Gamma irradiation
5. Dry heat
Bioprocess Engineering and Process BiotechnologySterilization of Air and Media
Q4)
What is the holding period (min) at a k value of $3.36min^{-1}$?
Bioprocess Engineering and Process BiotechnologySterilization of Air and Media
Q5)
What is the value of $V_{holding}$?
Bioprocess Engineering and Process BiotechnologySterilization of Air and Media
Q6)
Decimal reduction time of bacterial spores is 23 min at $121 \ °C$ and the death kinetics follow first order. One liter medium containing $10^9$ spores per mL was sterilized for 10 min at $121 \ °C$ in a batch sterilizer. The number of spores in the medium after sterilization (assuming destruction of spores in heating and cooling period is negligible) will be ____________________ $ \times 10^7$.
Bioprocess Engineering and Process BiotechnologySterilization of Air and Media
Q7)
An industrial fermentor containing $10,000 \text{ L}$ of medium needs to be sterilized. The initial spore concentration in the medium is $10^6 \text{ spores mL}^{-1}$. The desired probability of contamination after sterilization is $10^{-3}$. The death rate of spores at $121 \text{ °C}$ is $4 \text{ min}^{-1}$. Assume that there is no cell death during heating and cooling phases. The holding time of the sterilization process is __________ min (rounded off to the nearest integer).
Bioprocess Engineering and Process BiotechnologySterilization of Air and Media
Q8)

Decimal reduction time of a bacterial strain is $20$ min. Specific death rate constant in $min^{-1}$ (rounded off to two decimal places) is____.

Bioprocess Engineering and Process BiotechnologySterilization of Air and Media
Q9)

Moist heat sterilization of spores at $121 \text{ } ^\circ C$ follows first order kinetics as per the expression: 

$ \frac{dN}{dt} = -k_d N $ 

where, N is the number of viable spores, t is the time, $k_d$ is the rate constant and $ \frac{dN}{dt} $ is the rate of change of viable spores. 

If $k_d$ value is $1.0 \text{ min}^{-1}$, the time (in minutes) required to reduce the number of viable spores from an initial value of $10^{10}$ to a final value of 1 is (up to two decimal places)______.

Bioprocess Engineering and Process BiotechnologySterilization of Air and Media
Q10)
A pilot sterilization was carried out in a vessel containing $100 \text{ m}^3$ medium with an initial spore concentration of $10^8 \text{ spores/ml}$. The accepted level of contamination after sterilization is 1 spore in the entire vessel. The specific death rate constant for the spore is $2 \text{ min}^{-1}$ at $121 \text{ }^\circ C$. Assuming no death takes place during the heating and cooling cycles, the holding time at $121 \text{ }^\circ C$ (rounded off to nearest integer) is ________________ min.
Bioprocess Engineering and Process BiotechnologySterilization of Air and Media