Words given on the left side of (::) are related with each other by some Logic/Rule /Relation. Select the missing word/word pair on the right side of (::) from the given alternatives based on the same Logic/Rule/Relation. Axe : Woodcutter :: ?
Spade : Labourer
Understanding the Analogy: Axe : Woodcutter
The question presents an analogy where two words on the left side of the double colon (::) share a specific relationship. We need to identify this relationship and then find the word pair on the right side that shares the same relationship.
The given pair is Axe : Woodcutter.
Identifying the Relationship in Axe : Woodcutter
Let's think about how an 'Axe' relates to a 'Woodcutter'.
- An Axe is a tool.
- A Woodcutter is a person whose job or activity is to cut wood, and an axe is their primary tool for this task.
So, the relationship is clearly Tool : User. More specifically, it's a primary manual tool used by a person in their profession or main activity.
Analyzing the Given Options
Now, let's examine each of the options to see which pair shares the same Tool : User relationship, specifically one involving a manual tool and a person using it for their work.
- Author : Pen
- A Pen is a tool.
- An Author is a person who uses a pen (or other writing instruments/tools like keyboards) to write.
- This fits the general Tool : User pattern, but 'Author' isn't exclusively a manual profession in the same way 'Woodcutter' is, and a pen isn't always the primary tool today.
- Surgeon : Scalpel
- A Scalpel is a tool.
- A Surgeon is a medical professional who uses a scalpel as a key tool during surgical procedures.
- This fits the Tool : User pattern involving a specific tool and a professional. Surgery involves significant manual skill. This is a strong candidate.
- Spade : Labourer
- A Spade is a tool.
- A Labourer is a person who performs manual work, often using tools like a spade for tasks such as digging or moving earth.
- This fits the Tool : User pattern involving a manual tool used by a person in a manual profession. This seems very similar to the Axe : Woodcutter relationship.
- Doctor : Stethoscope
- A Stethoscope is a tool.
- A Doctor is a medical professional who uses a stethoscope for listening to internal sounds in the body, primarily for diagnosis.
- This fits the Tool : User pattern, but a stethoscope is more of a diagnostic or observational tool rather than a tool used for the primary physical action of the profession in the same way an axe is for cutting wood or a spade for digging.
Evaluating the Best Analogy Match
We established the relationship in Axe : Woodcutter as a primary manual tool used by a person in a manual profession for their defining task. Let's compare the options against this specific relationship:
- Axe is for cutting wood by a woodcutter.
- Spade is for digging/moving by a labourer. This is a strong parallel - a fundamental manual tool for a basic manual task done by a manual worker.
- Scalpel is for cutting tissue by a surgeon. Also a strong parallel, but perhaps involving a higher level of technical specialization compared to woodcutting or general labour.
- Pen is for writing by an author. The profession is less inherently manual today, and the tool might not be primary.
- Stethoscope is for diagnosis by a doctor. The tool's use is observational/diagnostic, not for performing the core physical action of the job in the same way as the others.
Considering the directness and simplicity of the manual tool-task-manual worker connection in "Axe : Woodcutter", the pair "Spade : Labourer" most closely mirrors this relationship. A spade is a fundamental tool for manual labour, just as an axe is for a woodcutter.
Let's visually compare the relationships:
| Pair | Relationship Details | Analogy Fit |
|---|---|---|
| Axe : Woodcutter | Primary manual tool : Person using it for defining manual task (cutting wood) | Original |
| Author : Pen | Tool : User (Profession not exclusively manual, tool not always primary) | Moderate fit |
| Surgeon : Scalpel | Primary specific tool : Professional using it for defining manual/skilled task (cutting tissue) | Strong fit, but maybe more specialized |
| Spade : Labourer | Primary manual tool : Person using it for defining manual task (digging/moving) | Strongest fit based on manual nature and simplicity |
| Doctor : Stethoscope | Diagnostic tool : Professional using it for observational task (listening) | Weaker fit (tool type and action differ) |
Therefore, the pair that shares the most similar relationship to Axe : Woodcutter is Spade : Labourer.
Conclusion
The analogy Axe : Woodcutter represents the relationship between a primary manual tool and the person in a manual profession who uses it for their main work. Among the options, Spade : Labourer exhibits the same relationship, where a spade is a key manual tool used by a labourer for tasks fundamental to their work.
Thus, the correct missing word pair is Spade : Labourer.
Revision Table: Common Analogy Types
| Analogy Type | Description | Example Pair |
|---|---|---|
| Tool and User | A tool and the person or profession that uses it. | Hammer : Carpenter |
| Action and Object | An action and the object it is performed on or with. | Read : Book |
| Cause and Effect | One thing that leads to another. | Sun : Heat |
| Part and Whole | A component and the larger entity it belongs to. | Wheel : Car |
| Worker and Workplace | A professional and the location where they work. | Teacher : School |
| Object and Quality | An object and a characteristic it possesses. | Ice : Cold |
Additional Information: Tips for Solving Word Analogies
Word analogies test your ability to recognize relationships between concepts. Here are some tips to help you solve them effectively:
- Say the relationship aloud: Once you identify the relationship in the first pair, try to phrase it as a sentence. For "Axe : Woodcutter", you might say, "An axe is a tool used by a woodcutter."
- Apply the sentence to options: Use the same sentence structure to test each option. "Is a pen a tool used by an author?", "Is a scalpel a tool used by a surgeon?", "Is a spade a tool used by a labourer?", "Is a stethoscope a tool used by a doctor?".
- Be specific: Refine the relationship if needed. Is it just "tool:user", or is it "primary tool:user", "tool for manual task:user", etc.?
- Eliminate incorrect options: Rule out pairs that clearly do not fit the identified relationship.
- Choose the best fit: If more than one option seems possible, select the one whose relationship is most similar or most specific to the original pair.
- Build vocabulary: A strong vocabulary helps you understand the nuances of the words presented.
Practicing with various types of analogies will help you become quicker at identifying relationships.
Important Questions from Miscellaneous
A stone is thrown horizontally from the top of a 20 m high building with a speed of 12 m/s. It hits the ground at a distance R from the building. Taking g = 10 m/s2 and neglecting air resistance will give :
A sphere of volume V is made of a material with lower density than water. While on Earth, it floats on water with its volume f1V (f1 < 1) submerged. On the other hand, on a spaceship accelerating with acceleration a < g (g is the acceleration due to gravity on Earth) in outer space, its submerged volume in water is f2V. Then:
A railway wagon (open at the top) of mass M1 is moving with speed v1 along a straight track. As a result of rain, after some time it gets partially filled with water so that the mass of the wagon becomes M2 and speed becomes v2. Taking the rain to be falling vertically and the water stationery inside the wagon, the relation between the two speeds v1 and v2 is :
Consider the following statements:
1. Distance between the longitudes becomes zero on North Pole and South Pole.
2. Distance between the longitudes is maximum on the Equator.
3. Number of longitudes is more than number of latitudes.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
One block of 2⋅0 kg mass is placed on top of another block of 3⋅0 kg mass. The coefficient of static friction between the two blocks is 0⋅2. The bottom block is pulled with a horizontal force F such that both the blocks move together without slipping. Taking acceleration due to gravity as 10 m/s2, the maximum value of the frictional force is :
