Winds in the boundary layer (upto about 1000 m from ground upwards) are controlled by :
Pressure gradient force, frictional force, Coriolis force and centripetal force
The atmospheric boundary layer is the lowest part of the atmosphere, roughly the first kilometre, where the air is in direct contact with the Earth's surface.
Air here is pushed from high to low pressure by the pressure gradient force, deflected by the Coriolis force of the rotating Earth, slowed by surface friction, and, where isobars are curved, subject to centripetal acceleration.
Because friction is significant only in this layer, winds cross the isobars at an angle instead of blowing parallel to them as in the free atmosphere.
Pairs such as pressure gradient with Coriolis (geostrophic balance) or pressure gradient with centripetal force (cyclostrophic flow) describe simplified flows above the boundary layer, so they leave out important forces.
Hence, Pressure gradient force, frictional force, Coriolis force and centripetal force.
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.................... is a client server application that identifies each host on the internet with a unique user-friendly name.
Every OS has a ................ or .......... which primarily resides in the main memory of the computer to perform some of the basic functions of the OS.
(i) Kernel
(ii) Interface
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(iv) Compiler
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(iii) High level language
(iv) Natural language
Codes:
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