Understanding the Battle of Palkhed

The question asks about the historical figure who defeated the Nizam of Hyderabad in the Battle of Palkhed. This battle is a significant event in Maratha history, showcasing the military prowess and strategic genius of the Maratha leader.

Key Players in the Battle of Palkhed

The main adversaries in the Battle of Palkhed were:

• The Maratha forces, led by their Peshwa.
• The forces of the Nizam of Hyderabad (Nizam-ul-Mulk).

Analysing the Options

Let's look at the options provided, which are different Peshwas:

1. Peshwa Baji Rao I: Baji Rao I served as the Peshwa to the fourth Maratha Chhatrapati (Shahu). He was known for his aggressive expansionist policies and brilliant military campaigns.
2. Peshwa Baji Rao II: He was the last Peshwa of the Maratha Empire, reigning much later than the period when the Battle of Palkhed occurred.
3. Peshwa Balaji Vishwanath: Balaji Vishwanath was the first Peshwa appointed by Shahu and the father of Baji Rao I. While important, he preceded the military campaigns associated with Baji Rao I's era.
4. Peshwa Narayan Rao: Narayan Rao was the fifth Peshwa, serving much later than Baji Rao I. His short tenure was marked by internal conflict.

The Battle of Palkhed (1728)

The Battle of Palkhed took place near the village of Palkhed, located in present-day Maharashtra, in February 1728. The conflict arose primarily due to disputes over chauth and sardeshmukhi (taxes) and influence in the Deccan region between the Marathas and the Nizam-ul-Mulk of Hyderabad.

Peshwa Baji Rao I employed a highly effective mobile warfare strategy. He harassed the Nizam's army, avoiding direct confrontation until the Nizam's forces were cornered and short on supplies. Baji Rao I trapped the Nizam's army near Palkhed.

Facing a dire situation, the Nizam was compelled to negotiate. The resulting Treaty of Mungi Shevgaon in March 1728 solidified Maratha gains and acknowledged their right to collect taxes in the Deccan.

Conclusion on the Victor

Based on historical accounts, the Maratha forces under the command of Peshwa Baji Rao I successfully outmaneuvered and defeated the Nizam of Hyderabad in the Battle of Palkhed in 1728.

Revision Table: Battle of Palkhed Facts

Additional Information: Significance of Baji Rao I

Peshwa Baji Rao I is considered one of the most important figures in Maratha history after Shivaji Maharaj. His period as Peshwa (1720-1740) saw significant expansion of the Maratha Empire towards the north. He was renowned for his cavalry tactics and swift movements, which were instrumental in many of his victories, including the Battle of Palkhed. This battle is often studied as a classic example of military strategy, particularly the use of rapid movement and avoiding a pitched battle on the opponent's terms.