Arranging Historical Treaty Events Chronologically

This question asks us to place five significant historical events, primarily treaties related to the Maratha history and conflicts with the British, in their correct time sequence from the earliest to the latest.

To accurately arrange these events, we need to know the approximate dates when these treaties or conventions were signed or occurred:

• Treaty of Surat: Signed in February 1775 between the Maratha leader Raghunathrao and the British East India Company.
• Treaty of Purandhar: Signed in March 1776 between the British East India Company and the regency council of the Peshwa in Poona. This treaty attempted to annul the Treaty of Surat.
• Convention of Wadgaon: Occurred in January 1779. This was a defeat for the British against the Marathas near Wadgaon, leading to an agreement (convention) unfavorable to the British.
• Treaty of Salbai: Signed in May 1782 between the British East India Company and the Marathas. This treaty concluded the First Anglo-Maratha War.
• Treaty of Mangalore: Signed in March 1784 between the British East India Company and Tipu Sultan of Mysore. This treaty ended the Second Anglo-Mysore War.

Now, let's list the events with their dates and identify their corresponding letters:

Chronological Order of Treaties

Based on the dates, we can arrange the events from the earliest to the latest:

1. Treaty of Surat (February 1775) - (A)
2. Treaty of Purandhar (March 1776) - (D)
3. Convention of Wadgaon (January 1779) - (B)
4. Treaty of Salbai (May 1782) - (E)
5. Treaty of Mangalore (March 1784) - (C)

The correct chronological order is therefore (A), (D), (B), (E), (C).

Comparing this order to the given options, we find that the sequence (A), (D), (B), (E), (C) corresponds to one of the choices provided.

Revision Table: Key Treaties and Conventions

Additional Information on Anglo-Maratha Wars and Treaties

The events listed are closely related to the Anglo-Maratha Wars, particularly the First Anglo-Maratha War (1775-1782). This conflict arose from the British intervention in a succession struggle in the Maratha Empire.

• The Treaty of Surat (1775) was the initial agreement where the British supported Raghunathrao in exchange for territory.
• The Calcutta Council, however, condemned the Treaty of Surat and negotiated the Treaty of Purandhar (1776) with the Peshwa's regency council. This treaty recognized Madhavrao II as the Peshwa and granted some territories to the British, but it was not fully implemented by either side.
• Hostilities resumed, leading to the British advance towards Poona, which resulted in their defeat and the humiliating Convention of Wadgaon (1779).
• The British recovered and continued the war, which finally concluded with the Treaty of Salbai (1782). This treaty recognized Madhavrao II as the Peshwa and returned territories, effectively ending the First Anglo-Maratha War and bringing relative peace for two decades.
• The Treaty of Mangalore (1784) is from a different conflict, the Second Anglo-Mysore War, involving the British and the Kingdom of Mysore under Tipu Sultan. It is included here likely to test knowledge of important treaties from the late 18th century Indian history.

Understanding the context and dates of these treaties is crucial for comprehending the power dynamics and conflicts in 18th-century India involving the British, Marathas, and other regional powers.