Economists Assuming Economic Dualism

Economic dualism refers to the coexistence of two distinct economic structures within a single economy, often a traditional subsistence sector and a modern capitalist sector.

Analyzing the economists mentioned:

• I. Ranis and Fei: Their prominent model explicitly addresses economic dualism, focusing on the shift of surplus labor from the agricultural (subsistence) sector to the industrial (capitalist) sector.
• II. D. Ricardo: While not focusing explicitly on dual sectors like Ranis and Fei, classical economists like Ricardo laid groundwork by analyzing different economic classes and factors of production, which some interpretations connect to foundational ideas relevant to economic stratification and dualistic perspectives.
• III. Robert Solow: The Solow Growth Model is a neoclassical model that analyzes factors like capital accumulation, labor growth, and technology, but it does not fundamentally assume a dualistic economic structure.
• IV. R. Harrod: The Harrod-Domar model focuses on the dynamics of economic growth driven by savings and investment, dealing with concepts like the warranted and natural growth rates, rather than economic dualism.

Based on the analysis, economists I (Ranis and Fei) and II (D. Ricardo) are considered to assume dualism in the economy within the context of this question.

Therefore, the correct option identifies I and II.

Final Answer Derivation

The question asks to identify economists who assume dualism. Ranis and Fei are known for their explicit dual-economy model. David Ricardo's classical framework, focusing on different economic actors and factors, is also considered relevant to concepts of economic stratification underpinning dualism by some economic thought traditions. Solow and Harrod's growth models do not center on this concept.

Thus, only I and II fit the description.