Who among the following argued that ‘Power is repressive’ ?
Foucault
Michel Foucault made power the central theme of his histories of the asylum (Madness and Civilization), the clinic and the prison (Discipline and Punish).
These studies show how modern society confines the mad, imprisons offenders and subjects bodies to surveillance, discipline and normalisation – Bentham’s Panopticon is his model of power that watches, restrains and controls. Power in this sense represses: it excludes, punishes and keeps individuals in check.
For Foucault such power is not held by one sovereign but is spread through institutions such as prisons, schools, hospitals and barracks, so its repressive control reaches into everyday life.
Aristotle saw political authority as serving the good life of citizens; Gramsci stressed hegemony, i.e. rule through consent and cultural leadership; Hegel regarded the state as the realisation of freedom. None of them argued that power is repressive.
Hence, the answer is Foucault.
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