The question asks to identify which of the given tribes follows a matrilineal system.

Understanding Matrilineal Societies

A matrilineal society is a society in which lineage, inheritance, and often authority are traced through the mother's line. In such societies:

• Children belong to their mother's clan or lineage.
• Property and titles are typically passed down from mother to daughter.
• Residence after marriage might be with the wife's family (matrilocal) or the husband might move to the wife's household.
• The mother's brothers often play a significant role in raising children and managing lineage affairs.

Analysis of the Given Tribes

Let's examine the social structure of the tribes mentioned in the options:

1. Bakarwal: The Bakarwal are primarily a nomadic pastoral community found in Jammu and Kashmir. Their social structure is generally considered patrilineal, tracing descent through the father's line.
2. Khasi: The Khasi people, primarily residing in Meghalaya, India, are known for their distinct matrilineal social system.
   • Lineage is traced through the mother.
   • The youngest daughter (Ka Khatduh) inherits most of the family property.
   • Children take the mother's surname.
   • Men often move to live in their wife's home after marriage (matrilocal residence is common).
   This system contrasts sharply with patrilineal societies prevalent in many parts of India.
3. Bhil: The Bhil are one of the largest tribal groups in India, spread across states like Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Maharashtra. Their social structure is largely patrilineal.
4. Santhal: The Santhal are a large tribal group found in states like Jharkhand, West Bengal, Bihar, and Odisha. Their social structure is primarily patrilineal, with descent traced through the father.

Conclusion

Based on the analysis of the social structures of the given tribes, the Khasi tribe is known for its matrilineal system, where lineage and inheritance are traced through the mother's line. The other tribes listed, Bakarwal, Bhil, and Santhal, generally follow patrilineal systems.

Therefore, the tribe that is matrilineal among the options is the Khasi tribe.

Revision Table: Matrilineal Tribe Identification

Additional Information on Matrilineal Systems

While patrilineal systems are more common globally, several groups around the world follow matrilineal systems, though the specific practices can vary. In India, besides the Khasi, the Garo tribe (also in Meghalaya) and some groups within the Nair community of Kerala have historically followed matrilineal traditions. Matrilineal systems often influence not just inheritance but also social roles, decision-making within the family and community, and marriage customs. Understanding these different social structures helps in appreciating the diversity of human societies.