Which term was used by tribal communities during the colonial period to describe the exploitative outsiders who collaborated with the British administration and oppressed the tribal population?
Dikus
Tribal communities such as the Santhals and the Mundas used the word ‘Diku’ for outsiders – moneylenders, traders, zamindars and contractors – who entered tribal lands under British protection.
These Dikus seized tribal land, charged high interest and forced the tribals into debt and bonded labour; resentment against them fuelled revolts like the Santhal Hul (1855–56) and Birsa Munda's Ulgulan (1899–1900).
Sardars were tribal chiefs or leaders, Ryots were cultivating peasants under the revenue system, and Jagirdars were holders of land-revenue grants – none of these terms meant exploitative outsiders.
Hence, the answer is Dikus.
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