Compartment Syndrome: Identifying the Incorrect Statement

Compartment syndrome is a serious condition involving increased pressure within a confined muscle space, potentially leading to nerve and muscle damage. We need to identify the statement that is NOT correct regarding this condition.

Analysis of Statements

• Statement 1: It is commonest in a closed fracture. Compartment syndrome frequently occurs after fractures, particularly closed fractures where swelling is contained. This statement is generally considered correct as fractures are a common cause.
• Statement 2: Pain is on active movement but not on passive movement of muscles. This is the characteristic that is NOT correct. In compartment syndrome, pain is typically severe and disproportionate to the injury. A key clinical sign is intense pain upon passive stretching or movement of the muscles within the affected compartment. Pain is also present on active movement, but the pain on passive movement is a critical indicator.
• Statement 3: Fasciotomy is the treatment of choice. Surgical fasciotomy, which involves cutting the fascia to release the pressure, is the definitive and primary treatment for acute compartment syndrome to prevent irreversible damage. This statement is correct.
• Statement 4: Volkmann's Ischaemic contracture is a late complication. Volkmann's contracture, a type of muscle shortening and fibrosis due to prolonged ischemia, is a well-known and severe late complication if compartment syndrome is not diagnosed and treated promptly. This statement is correct.

Conclusion on Incorrect Statement

Based on the analysis, the statement that is NOT correct is the one describing the pain pattern. The presence of severe pain, especially during passive muscle movement, is a hallmark of compartment syndrome, contradicting the claim that pain is absent during passive movement.