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Question

Which of the following systems of Indian Philosophy accept Savikalpaka Pratyaksa as a prama ? Select the correct code from below :

(i) Nyaya

(ii) Buddhists

(iii) Purva-Mimamsa

Code :

This question was previously asked in
MH SET 2021 Paper 2 Sociology Question Paper (26-Sep-2021)
The correct answer is

Only (i) and (iii)

Savikalpaka pratyaksa is determinate perception, a cognition of an object as qualified by name, class and attributes ('this is a pot').

(i) Nyaya - accepts it as prama. Nyaya distinguishes nirvikalpaka (indeterminate) and savikalpaka (determinate) perception; the latter is a valid, verbalisable knowledge of a qualified object.

(ii) Buddhists - do not accept it. For Dignaga and Dharmakirti only nirvikalpaka perception, free from kalpana, is pratyaksa; savikalpaka cognition is a mental construction imposed on the svalaksana and is not a valid perception.

(iii) Purva-Mimamsa - accepts it as prama. Kumarila holds that the determinate stage, which brings out the universal and the particular already present in the bare cognition, is equally valid perception.

Hence, the answer is Only (i) and (iii).

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