The question asks to identify the statement that is False regarding Aristotle's theory of virtues.

Aristotle's Virtue Concepts

Aristotle's ethical philosophy, particularly in his work Nicomachean Ethics, outlines several key ideas about virtues:

• Dispositions: Virtues are character traits or stable dispositions (hexis) that enable a person to act, think, and feel appropriately.
• Golden Mean: Moral virtues are typically a mean state between two extremes (vices) of excess and deficiency. For example, courage is the mean between rashness and cowardice.
• Types of Virtues: Aristotle divides virtues into two categories:
  • Intellectual Virtues: Acquired through teaching and learning (e.g., wisdom, understanding).
  • Moral Virtues: Acquired through habituation and practice (e.g., courage, temperance, justice).
• Acquisition: Unlike innate qualities, Aristotle believed virtues are developed through consistent practice and habit formation. We become virtuous by repeatedly performing virtuous actions.

Analyzing the Options

• Option 1: Virtues are dispositions. This aligns with Aristotle's definition of virtue as a stable character trait or disposition. (True)
• Option 2: Virtues are innate. Aristotle explicitly argues against this. He states that virtues are acquired through habituation, not present from birth. We are not born good; we become good through practice. (False)
• Option 3: Virtues are governed by Principle of Golden Mean. This is a central concept for Aristotle's moral virtues, defining them as a midpoint between extremes. (True)
• Option 4: Virtues are divided into moral and intellectual. This distinction is fundamental to Aristotle's classification of virtues. (True)

Conclusion

The statement that contradicts Aristotle's theory is that virtues are innate. According to Aristotle, virtues are developed through practice and habituation.