To solve this question, we will analyze each statement to determine which ones are correct regarding classroom assessments.
- Statement (i): "Assessments should influence the students' cognitive processes while they study."
- This statement emphasizes the role of assessments in guiding students' thoughts and attention during their learning process. Good assessments are designed to focus on relevant knowledge and skills, encouraging students to engage with and reflect upon the material they need to learn. Therefore, this statement is correct.
- Statement (ii): "Assessments should serve as learning experiences in themselves."
- Assessments that integrate feedback and promote reflection can directly contribute to learning. They expose students to the types of thinking and problem-solving they need to master. Hence, this statement is correct because assessments should also function as part of the learning process.
- Statement (iii): "Assessments should create fear and stress among students to get them to learn."
- Introducing fear and stress through assessments is detrimental to learning. It can lead to negative emotions, decreased motivation, and a harmful educational environment. This statement is incorrect because assessments should encourage learning rather than deter it through fear.
- Statement (iv): "Assessments should be standardized and norm-referenced."
- While some assessments can be standardized for comparison, relying solely on norm-referenced testing might not meet all educational objectives. It may not account for individual progress or criterion-based learning goals. Thus, this statement is not universally correct in the context of effective classroom assessment design.
Based on this analysis, the correct options are statements (i) and (ii), which align with effective educational assessment practices. Therefore, the correct answer is:
(i), (ii)