Understanding Revolutionary Organizations Abroad for Indian Independence

The question asks about a specific revolutionary organization formed outside India, in America (San Francisco) in 1913, by the Indian diaspora as part of the Indian independence movement.

The Ghadar Party: A Key Revolutionary Movement

The Ghadar Party was indeed a revolutionary organization formed by Punjabi Indians in the United States and Canada with the aim of securing India's independence from British rule. Here are some key facts about the Ghadar Party:

• Formation Year: 1913
• Place of Formation: San Francisco, California, USA.
• Founders/Key Leaders: Prominent figures included Lala Hardayal, Sohan Singh Bhakna, Kartar Singh Sarabha, Bhagwan Singh Gyanee, and Tarak Nath Das. Sohan Singh Bhakna served as the first president.
• Membership: Primarily composed of Punjabi Sikhs and other Indians living and working on the West Coast of North America.
• Goal: To organize a rebellion (Ghadar means 'rebellion' or 'mutiny') in India to overthrow British colonial rule.
• Activities: The party published a newspaper called "Ghadar," which spread revolutionary ideas and propaganda among the Indian diaspora and was also smuggled into India. They encouraged members to return to India to participate in revolutionary activities, especially after the outbreak of World War I.

Based on these facts, the Ghadar Party perfectly matches the description provided in the question: formed in America (San Francisco) in 1913 by the diaspora for the Indian independence movement.

Analyzing Other Options

Let's briefly look at the other options to understand why they do not fit the criteria:

• Indian Independence League: While various organizations used this name, a prominent one was formed in the 1920s and later reformed and expanded in Southeast Asia during World War II, playing a role in mobilizing support for the Indian National Army. This doesn't match the 1913 San Francisco context.
• Abhinav Bharat: Also known as Abhinav Bharat Society, this was a secret revolutionary society founded by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar and his brother Ganesh Damodar Savarkar in 1904 in Maharashtra, India. It was active primarily within India.
• Azad Hind Fauj (Indian National Army - INA): This army was formed by Indian nationalists during World War II in Southeast Asia with the support of the Japanese Empire. It was not formed in 1913 in America.

Conclusion

Considering the formation location, year, and objective, the Ghadar Party is the correct answer as the revolutionary organization formed in San Francisco in 1913 by the Indian diaspora for the cause of Indian independence.

Revision Table: Revolutionary Organizations for Indian Independence

Additional Information: Ghadar Movement Details

The Ghadar Movement played a significant role in the Indian independence struggle by mobilizing expatriate Indians. The movement's newspaper, "Ghadar," was published in multiple languages including Urdu, Punjabi, Gujarati, Marathi, and Hindi, reaching a wide audience. The Komagata Maru incident in 1914, involving a ship carrying Sikh migrants to Canada, further fueled anti-British sentiment and support for the Ghadar cause among the diaspora. While the planned large-scale rebellion in India during WWI was largely unsuccessful due to intelligence leaks, the Ghadar Party's efforts highlighted the international dimension of the Indian freedom struggle and inspired future revolutionary activities.