Understanding Practices Included in Yoga

The question asks about different practices that are included in the broad discipline of Yoga. Let's look at the terms provided: Pranayama, Pratyahara, and Kriya.

What is Pranayama?

Pranayama comes from 'Prana' (life force or breath) and 'Ayama' (to extend or regulate). It refers to the practice of controlling or regulating the breath. This is a fundamental part of Yoga, often practiced after Asanas (physical postures) and before meditation. Different Pranayama techniques have various effects on the mind and body, such as calming the nervous system or increasing energy levels.

What is Pratyahara?

Pratyahara is the fifth limb of Ashtanga Yoga, as described by Patanjali in the Yoga Sutras. It means withdrawal of the senses. It is the practice of consciously drawing one's attention away from external objects and distractions and directing it inward. This step is crucial for preparing the mind for deeper states of concentration (Dharana), meditation (Dhyana), and ultimately, absorption (Samadhi).

What is Kriya?

Kriya generally refers to cleansing practices or techniques in Yoga. These are designed to purify the body and mind, making them suitable for deeper Yogic practices like Pranayama and meditation. Examples of Kriyas include Neti (nasal cleansing), Dhauti (digestive tract cleansing), Nauli (abdominal churning), and Kapalbhati (skull shining breath - often also considered a Pranayama, but traditionally listed under Kriyas in some traditions). Kriyas are an integral part of Hatha Yoga and other traditional Yoga systems.

Conclusion

Based on the understanding of these terms within the context of Yoga:

• Pranayama (breath control) is a core practice.
• Pratyahara (sense withdrawal) is a limb of Ashtanga Yoga and a preparatory practice.
• Kriya (cleansing techniques) are traditional purification methods in Yoga.

All three, Pranayama, Pratyahara, and Kriya, are recognized and included in various traditions and schools of Yoga, serving different purposes in the path towards physical, mental, and spiritual well-being.

Therefore, practices I (Pranayama), II (Pratyahara), and III (Kriya) are all included in Yoga.