The correct answer is Joule, Calorie, Kilowatt hour.
Energy is the capacity of a physical system to do work. It's a scalar quantity, meaning it only has magnitude and no direction. Various units are used to measure energy depending on the context and magnitude involved. Let's analyze the options:
- Joule (J): This is the SI unit of energy, representing the work done when a force of one newton is applied over a distance of one meter.
- Calorie (cal): This is a unit of energy, specifically the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius. It's commonly used in nutrition and thermodynamics.
- Kilowatt-hour (kWh): This is a larger unit of energy, commonly used for electrical energy consumption. It represents the energy consumed by a 1 kilowatt appliance for one hour.
- Newton (N): This is the SI unit of force, not energy. Force is a vector quantity, possessing both magnitude and direction. It represents the rate of change of momentum.
Therefore, only Joule, Calorie, and Kilowatt-hour are units exclusively used to measure energy. Newton measures force, a distinct physical quantity.