Question
Which of the following options is/are mentioned in the list of the objects of cognition (prameya) in the Nyāya-sūtra?
Nyāya Prameya Objects Identification
The Nyāya-sūtra categorizes reality into several types. The term prameya refers specifically to the objects that can be known or cognized through valid means of knowledge (pramāṇa).
The Nyāya system lists the following as primary objects of cognition (prameya):
- Self (ātman)
- Body (śarīra)
- Senses (indriya)
- Intellect (buddhi)
- Mind (manas)
- Action (pravṛtti)
- Fault/Defect (doṣa)
- Transmigration/Rebirth (pretyabhāva)
- Result/Fruit (phala)
- Pain (duḥkha)
- Liberation (apavarga)
Evaluating the given options:
- Soul (ātman): Is listed as a prameya in the Nyāya-sūtra.
- Mind (manas): Is also listed as a prameya.
- Pain (duḥkha): Is explicitly mentioned as a prameya, representing something to be understood and overcome.
- Testimony (śabda): Is classified as a pramāṇa (means of valid knowledge), not as a prameya (object of knowledge).
Based on the Nyāya classification, Soul (ātman), Mind (manas), and Pain (duḥkha) are the objects of cognition mentioned.
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