Conservation Definitions Explained

Conservation strategies are broadly categorized into two main types:

• Ex-situ conservation: This involves protecting endangered species by conserving them outside their natural habitats. Examples include zoos, botanical gardens, and gene banks.
• In-situ conservation: This involves protecting species within their natural ecosystems and habitats. Examples include national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves.

Analysis of Conservation Options

Let's analyze each option provided in the question:

• A. National park: This is a protected area designated for in-situ conservation.
• B. Zoo: This is a facility for ex-situ conservation, housing animals outside their natural habitat.
• C. Wildlife sanctuary: This is a protected area established for in-situ conservation of wildlife.
• D. Biosphere reserve: This is a protected area designated for in-situ conservation, balancing biodiversity conservation with sustainable use.
• E. Botanical garden: This is a facility for ex-situ conservation, maintaining collections of plants.

Identifying Non-Ex-situ Examples

The question asks to identify examples that are not ex-situ conservation. Based on the analysis above, these fall under in-situ conservation:

• National park (A)
• Wildlife sanctuary (C)
• Biosphere reserve (D)

Conclusion on Conservation Types

Therefore, National parks (A), Wildlife sanctuaries (C), and Biosphere reserves (D) are examples of in-situ conservation, not ex-situ conservation. Option 3 correctly identifies these: A, C & D only.