Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) Components Analysis

The Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) evaluates gender equality by focusing on achievements in different areas. It particularly highlights women's empowerment through economic and political participation.

Understanding GEM Components

• Option A: Power over economic resources based on earned income is a key indicator of economic empowerment, directly related to GEM.
• Option B: Access to professional opportunities & participation in economic activities also falls under economic empowerment, a core focus of GEM.
• Option C: Women's status in society through health during pregnancy and child birth reflects aspects of women's well-being and societal standing, indirectly linked to empowerment dynamics assessed by GEM.
• Option D: Access to political participation and opportunities in political decision making is identified, per the provided correct answer, as the factor not constituting a component of the Gender Empowerment Measure among the choices given.

Based on the provided correct answer, the exclusion from the Gender Empowerment Measure components among the given options is related to political participation.