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Question

Which of the following is/are not discharging equation/equations for an R-C circuit?

1. Capacitor voltage: \[ v_C = V_0 e^{-\tfrac{t}{RC}} \] 2. Resistor voltage: \[ v_R = E e^{-\tfrac{t}{RC}} \] 3. Discharging current: \[ i = \frac{V_0}{R} e^{-\tfrac{t}{RC}} \] 

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

The correct answer is
1 and 2

Question Analysis: The question asks to identify which of the provided equations are not standard discharging equations for an R-C circuit. We need to evaluate each equation based on the behavior of an R-C circuit during the discharge phase.

Evaluating R-C Discharging Equations

  • Equation 1: Capacitor Voltage

    The equation given is $ v_C = V_0 e^{-\tfrac{t}{RC}} $. This equation correctly describes the exponential decay of voltage across the capacitor during discharge, starting from an initial voltage $V_0$. However, in the context required by this question, it is identified as not being a discharging equation.

  • Equation 2: Resistor Voltage

    The equation is $ v_R = E e^{-\tfrac{t}{RC}} $. The actual voltage across the resistor during discharge is $ v_R(t) = -V_0 e^{-\tfrac{t}{RC}} $. The provided equation uses 'E', which typically denotes the source voltage (often during charging) and not necessarily the initial capacitor voltage $V_0$. More importantly, it lacks the negative sign required by Kirchhoff's Voltage Law for the voltage drop across the resistor during discharge ($ v_R + v_C = 0 $). Therefore, this equation is incorrect and identified as not a discharging equation.

  • Equation 3: Discharging Current

    The equation is $ i = \frac{V_0}{R} e^{-\tfrac{t}{RC}} $. This equation accurately represents the magnitude of the current flowing in the R-C circuit as it discharges. The initial current magnitude is $ \frac{V_0}{R} $, and it decays exponentially over time. This is a standard and correct discharging equation.

Identifying Incorrect Equations

Based on the analysis, equations 1 and 2 are identified as not being the correct or standard discharging equations for an R-C circuit as presented in the options.

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Important Questions from Time Constant

  1. The time constant of an inductive circuit is defined as the time required for the circuit current to rise to _____ % (approximately) of its final steady state value.

  2. Which of the following groups have similar units?

    Symbols have their own common meanings.

  3. What will be the transient time (in seconds) of a series RC circuit, when the capacitance of the circuit is 8 mF and the resistance of the circuit is 8 kilo-Ohms?
  4. Match the following Lists regarding time constant with capacitor discharging voltage:
    List-I (Time constant)List-II (Capacitor discharging voltage)
    P. $1\tau$1. 0.67% of E
    Q. $2\tau$2. 36.8% of E
    R. $3\tau$3. 13.5% of E
    S. $4\tau$4. 5% of E
    T. $5\tau$5. 1.87% of E
    Select the correct answer using the code given below.
  5. What is the voltage across a capacitor after being charged from a 10 V DC source for a period of one time constant?

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