Understanding Cold Antibodies Immune Haemolysis
Cold antibodies immune haemolysis, often related to Cold Agglutinin Disease (CAD), occurs when cold antibodies (typically IgM) attach to red blood cells at lower temperatures. This binding triggers the destruction of red blood cells (haemolysis).
Infection Analysis for Haemolysis
Let's examine how each infection relates to cold antibodies immune haemolysis:
- Mycoplasma: Infections with Mycoplasma pneumoniae are a common cause of CAD. The bacteria can trigger the production of cold agglutinins.
- Malaria: Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites. Red blood cell destruction primarily results from the parasite lifecycle within the cells and the body's immune response to the parasite itself, not typically via cold antibody-mediated haemolysis.
- Syphilis: While less common than with Mycoplasma or EBV, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, sometimes involving cold antibodies, has been reported in association with syphilis.
- Epstein-Barr virus (EBV): EBV infections, like mononucleosis, are known to sometimes induce the formation of cold agglutinins leading to haemolysis.
Based on the analysis, Malaria is the infection among the choices that does NOT characteristically cause cold antibodies immune haemolysis.
Important Questions from Bacterial Infections
- A 21-year young man presents in emergency with high grade fever with inflammation of knee and ankle joints which is fleeting in nature. There is history of occasional palpitations. There is no history of antecedent sore throat. On examination, splenomegaly is present. The ECG shows prolongation of PR interval. What is the most likely diagnosis in India?
- Long term use of proton pump inhibitor in elderly puts the patient at risk of which of the following?
1. Community acquired pneumonia
2. Clostridium difficile associated disease
3. Urinary tract infection
Select the correct answer using the code given below: - Which of the following features are characteristics of Whipple disease?
1. Migratory small joint arthropathy
2. Diarrhoea with steatorrhea
3. Weight loss with Arthralgia
4. Ophthalmic and CNS symptoms
Select the correct answer using the code given below: - A 22-year old male is admitted with fever and altered consciousness for two days. Examination reveals nuchal rigidity and diffuse petechial rash on the trunk and lower extremities. The most likely etiologic agent is:
A 30 year old male presents with fever, headache, anorexia, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. On examination tongue is coated with abdominal tenderness, soft splenomegaly, relative bradycardia and rose spots rash. The most likely diagnosis is:
