Article 42: Humane Conditions of Work & Maternity Relief

The question asks to identify the specific Article within the Indian Constitution that mandates the State to ensure conditions conducive to work that are both just and humane, and also to provide relief for maternity.

Understanding Directive Principles of State Policy

This question relates to the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP), which are found in Part IV of the Indian Constitution. These principles are guidelines for the State to follow while formulating laws and policies. Although they are not enforceable by any court, they are fundamental in the governance of the country.

Focus on Article 42

Article 42 specifically addresses the State's duty towards workers and pregnant women. It states that:

• The State shall make provision for securing just and humane conditions of work.
• The State shall also make provision for securing maternity relief.

This means the government should strive to ensure that workplaces are safe and fair, and that pregnant employees receive necessary support and leave during and after their pregnancy. This principle aims to protect the dignity and well-being of workers.

Analysis of Other Options

Let's look briefly at the other options to understand why they are not the correct answer:

• Article 44: This Article deals with the Uniform Civil Code, aiming to secure for the citizens a uniform civil code throughout the territory of India.
• Article 46: This Article directs the State to promote with special care the educational and economic interests of the weaker sections of the people, particularly the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
• Article 40: This Article aims to promote village panchayats (local self-government), which is related to decentralization of power.

Therefore, based on the constitutional provisions, Article 42 is the specific directive that covers just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief.