Which of the following are risk factors for the development of pancreatic cancer? 1. Cigarette smoking 2. Diabetes mellitus 3. Caucasian ethnicity 4. Male gender Select the correct answer using the code given below.
Pancreatic Cancer Risk Factors Explained
Understanding the factors that increase the likelihood of developing a disease is crucial for awareness and prevention. Certain elements are known to elevate the risk for pancreatic cancer.
Identified Risk Factors
Based on established research, the following are considered significant risk factors for pancreatic cancer:
- 1. Cigarette smoking: Smoking tobacco is a major and well-documented risk factor for pancreatic cancer, significantly increasing a person's chances of developing the disease.
- 2. Diabetes mellitus: Individuals with diabetes, particularly long-standing Type 2 diabetes, face a higher risk of pancreatic cancer compared to those without diabetes.
- 4. Male gender: Statistically, men have a slightly higher incidence rate of pancreatic cancer than women, indicating gender as a contributing factor.
Excluded Factor
While certain ethnic groups may show variations in incidence rates, factors like "Caucasian ethnicity" are often complex and influenced by other variables. Therefore, it's not typically listed as a primary, direct risk factor in the same category as smoking or diabetes for this specific question context.
Conclusion on Risk Factors
Considering the evidence, the combination of cigarette smoking, diabetes mellitus, and male gender represents the correct set of risk factors among the options provided.
Important Questions from Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery
- The Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score for quantifying the severity of chronic liver disease includes all variables EXCEPT:
'Chain of Lakes' appearance due to sacculation with intervening short strictures of pancreatic duct is seen on:
- Which one of the following statements is NOT correct regarding Pyogenic Liver Abscess?
- Which of the statements regarding Calot's triangle are correct?
1. Common hepatic duct forms the medial boundary of the Calot's triangle
2. Inferior surface of the right lobe of the liver forms the superior boundary of Calot's triangle
3. Right hepatic artery is usually found as a content of the Calot's triangle
4. Cystic duct and medial border of gall bladder forms the lateral border of Calot's triangle
Select the correct answer using the code given below: - CA 19-9 is a tumour marker used for the diagnosis of:
