The question asks to identify the incorrectly matched descriptions of writs.
Analyzing Writ Matched Descriptions
Let's analyze each writ description:
- i. Habeas Corpus: The description ‘To produce the body’ is the correct literal meaning and purpose of the writ of Habeas Corpus, which is issued to prevent illegal detention. This match is correct.
- ii. Quo warranto: This writ means ‘By what authority’. It is issued to inquire into the legality of a person's claim to a public office. The description provided, ‘Issued to a lower court to stop proceedings in a case’, is incorrect. This description pertains more to the writ of Prohibition. Therefore, this match is incorrect.
- iii. Prohibition: This writ means ‘To forbid’. It is issued by a superior court to a lower court or tribunal directing it to stop proceedings that are outside its jurisdiction. The description provided, ‘Issued to a lower court quashing a decision or order’, is the definition of the writ of Certiorari, not Prohibition. Therefore, this match is incorrect.
- iv. Mandamus: This writ means ‘We command’. It is a command issued by a superior court to a lower court, tribunal, or public official to perform a public duty that they have failed or refused to perform. The description provided, ‘Commands a person to perform a public duty’, is correct. This match is correct.
Identifying Incorrect Matches
Based on the analysis, the incorrectly matched descriptions are:
- ii. Quo warranto
- iii. Prohibition
Therefore, the combination of incorrectly matched writs is 'ii and iii'.
Selecting the Correct Option
Option B lists 'ii and iii' as the incorrectly matched items.