Question
Which of the following are involved in sympathetic nervous system activation?
Sympathetic Nervous System Activation Explained
The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) triggers the body's "fight-or-flight" response, preparing it for intense physical activity or stressful situations. This involves specific physiological changes.
Physiological Responses to Sympathetic Activation
- Increased heart rate: The SNS stimulates the heart to beat faster and more forcefully, increasing blood circulation to muscles and vital organs. This matches option B.
- Inhibited digestion: Energy is prioritized for immediate action. The SNS slows down non-essential functions like digestion by reducing blood flow to the gastrointestinal tract and decreasing motility and secretions. This matches option C.
- Inhibited salivation: While the parasympathetic system promotes watery saliva, sympathetic activation typically reduces saliva production, often leading to a drier mouth. This matches option A.
- Pupil Dilation (Not Constriction): Sympathetic activation causes the pupils to dilate (mydriasis) to allow more light into the eyes, improving vision in stressful conditions. Constricted pupils are a sign of parasympathetic activity. Therefore, option 4 is incorrect.
The activation of the sympathetic nervous system results in inhibited salivation, increased heart rate, and inhibited digestion.
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Important Questions from Biological Basis of Behaviour Neurons Synapses
Consider the following two statements and choose the correct option.
S1: Patients with Broca's aphasia have trouble producing speech.
S2: Patients with Wernicke's aphasia have trouble understanding what others say.- ________ in both lobes of the brain are responsible for coordination and interpretation of information as well as higher mental processing.
- Match the concerned human nervous system with their associated functions.
P. Sympathetic (i) Carrying messages from Central Nervous
System to muscles and glandsQ. Parasympathetic (ii) Carrying messages from senses to Central
Nervous SystemR. Afferent (iii) Maintaining body functions under normal
conditionsS. Efferent (iv) Fight-or-flight system If Central Nervous System = Brain + Spinal Cord, then Peripheral Nervous System = ?
- Match the neurotransmitters with their functions
P. Acetylcholine (i) Movement and pleasure sensation Q. Dopamine (ii) Sleep, anxiety, and appetite R. Serotonin (iii) Attention and memory S. Norepinephrine (iv) Arousal and mood
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