Understanding Universalism and Cultural Relativism in Human Rights

This question asks us to identify the correct statements about universalist and cultural relativist perspectives on human rights. Let's analyze each statement:

Statement A: Universalist Rights Argument

Statement A says, "Universalist argue that everyone is entitled to the same basic rights simply by virtue of their humanity." This statement accurately reflects a core principle of universalism. Universalists believe that certain fundamental rights are inherent to all human beings, regardless of their culture, nationality, gender, or any other characteristic. These rights stem from our shared humanity.

Statement B: Cultural Relativism Misconception

Statement B claims, "Cultural relativism means opposition of western values." This is not the precise definition of cultural relativism. While cultural relativism emphasizes understanding practices within their specific cultural contexts and can sometimes lead to critiques of Western norms or interventions, its core idea is not inherently oppositional to Western values. It's about context-specific interpretation rather than outright opposition.

Statement C: Universalism and Polygamy

Statement C asserts, "Universalist do not consider polygamy as violation of gender equality or rights of women." This statement is generally incorrect. Universalists, grounded in the principle of equal rights for all, often view practices like polygamy, particularly polygyny (one man having multiple wives), as potentially conflicting with gender equality and women's rights. They advocate for universal standards that protect women from discrimination.

Statement D: Cultural Relativism Definition

Statement D states, "Cultural relativism posits that human rights should be defined and interpreted within cultural framework of particular society." This is a correct definition of cultural relativism concerning human rights. It suggests that the meaning and application of human rights should be understood relative to the specific cultural norms, traditions, and values of a society.

Conclusion on Correct Statements

Based on the analysis above:

• Statement A is correct as it defines a key aspect of universalism.
• Statement B is incorrect as it oversimplifies cultural relativism.
• Statement C is incorrect as universalists typically emphasize gender equality, potentially viewing polygamy as a violation.
• Statement D is correct as it accurately describes the stance of cultural relativism regarding human rights interpretation.

Therefore, the correct statements are A and D.