Which of the following abnormalities occur from vitamin D deficiency in children? 1. Craniotabes 2. Bossing of frontal and parietal bones 3. Muscle hypotonia 4. Shrinking of epiphysis at the lower end of radius Select the correct answer using the code given below.
Vitamin D Deficiency Signs in Children
Vitamin D deficiency in children leads to rickets, characterized by impaired bone mineralization and related complications. Understanding the clinical signs helps in diagnosis.
Analysis of Listed Abnormalities
- 1. Craniotabes: This is the softening of the skull bones, especially the parietal and frontal bones. It's a common early sign of rickets in infants due to poor mineralization.
- 2. Bossing of frontal and parietal bones: This refers to the prominent or bulging appearance of the forehead and the sides/top of the skull. It occurs as the bones remain soft and are pulled outward by muscle attachments, a classic sign of rickets.
- 3. Muscle hypotonia: Vitamin D deficiency affects muscle function, often causing decreased muscle tone (hypotonia). This can lead to muscle weakness and delayed development of motor skills in children.
- 4. Shrinking of epiphysis: This is not a typical sign of vitamin D deficiency. Rickets causes abnormalities at the epiphyseal growth plates, leading to widening, fraying, and cupping due to defective mineralization, rather than shrinking.
Conclusion on Correct Signs
The abnormalities directly resulting from vitamin D deficiency (rickets) in children are Craniotabes (1), Bossing of frontal and parietal bones (2), and Muscle hypotonia (3). The shrinking of the epiphysis is not a characteristic sign.
Therefore, the correct combination includes items 1, 2, and 3.
Important Questions from Vitamin D Deficiency
Consider the following statements with regard to Vitamin D deficiency :
1. Vitamin D deficiency is common in northern latitudes.
2. Vitamin D deficiency is more likely to develop in people with dark skin.
3. Exposure to UV light is advisable in patients with Vitamin D deficiency.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- Which one of the following is not a feature of vitamin D deficiency rickets?
- Which one of the following is not characteristic of Vitamin-D resistant rickets ?
- What is the naturally occurring form of vitamin D in the human skin ?
