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Question

Which landmark case is credited with relaxing the rule of locus standi and establishing the foundation for Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in India?

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RRB NTPC 2025 Graduate CBT 2 Question Paper PDF (10-Jul-2026) (Shift 1)
The correct answer is

S.P. Gupta vs. Union of India

S.P. Gupta vs. Union of India (1981), also known as the Judges' Transfer Case, is credited with relaxing the traditional rule of locus standi.

In this case, the Supreme Court held that any public-spirited person could approach the court on behalf of those unable to do so themselves, laying the foundation for Public Interest Litigation in India.

Minerva Mills dealt with the basic structure doctrine, Golaknath concerned Parliament's power to amend fundamental rights, and Maneka Gandhi expanded the scope of Article 21, but none of these established the PIL framework.

Hence, S.P. Gupta vs. Union of India is credited with founding PIL in India.

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