Let's analyze the given options to identify which of the struggles, based on Gandhi's philosophy of Satyagraha, involved the industrial working class. Mahatma Gandhi employed the method of Satyagraha, which means 'truth force' or 'soul force', in various movements in India to fight against injustice.

We need to examine each struggle mentioned and determine the participants involved.

Understanding Gandhi's Early Satyagraha Movements

Mahatma Gandhi led several significant Satyagraha movements in India shortly after his return from South Africa. These movements addressed different issues and involved various sections of society.

• Champaran Satyagraha (1917): This was Gandhi's first major Satyagraha in India. It was initiated against the indigo planters in Champaran, Bihar. The peasants (farmers) were forced to grow indigo on a fixed portion of their land and sell it at prices fixed by the planters. This movement primarily involved the peasants.
• Kheda Satyagraha (1918): This movement took place in the Kheda district of Gujarat. The peasants were suffering due to crop failure and a plague epidemic, but the government insisted on collecting full land revenue. Gandhi supported the peasants' demand for suspension of revenue collection. This struggle also involved the peasants.
• Ahmedabad Mill Strike (1918): This struggle involved the cotton mill workers of Ahmedabad, Gujarat. The workers were demanding an increase in wages, especially after a plague bonus they were receiving was stopped. Gandhi undertook a fast unto death to support the workers' demand for a 35% wage hike. This movement directly involved the industrial working class (mill workers).
• Bardoli Satyagraha (1928): This was a major peasant movement against the arbitrary increase in land revenue by the British government in the Bardoli taluka of Gujarat. Although led by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel under Gandhi's guidance, it was based on Satyagraha principles and involved peasants.

Identifying the Struggle of the Industrial Working Class

Based on the analysis of each movement, it is clear that the struggle which involved the industrial working class among the given options was the Ahmedabad Mill Strike of 1918. The participants were the workers employed in the cotton mills, making them part of the industrial workforce.

Here is a summary table for clarity:

Thus, the Ahmedabad struggle is the one directly associated with the industrial working class among the given options.

Revision Table: Key Satyagraha Movements

Additional Information: Principles of Satyagraha

Satyagraha is a philosophy and practice of nonviolent resistance developed by Mahatma Gandhi. The term was coined in South Africa. It is based on the principles of truth (Satya) and nonviolence (Ahimsa). Key aspects of Satyagraha include:

• Truth: Pursuing truth is the central goal. Satyagrahi believes in the inherent truth of their cause.
• Nonviolence (Ahimsa): Absolutely no physical violence against the oppressor. It involves active love and compassion.
• Suffering: A Satyagrahi accepts suffering upon themselves rather than inflicting it on others. This suffering is seen as a way to melt the heart of the oppressor and awaken their conscience.
• Non-cooperation: Withdrawing support from unjust laws or systems.
• Peaceful Protest: Using methods like demonstrations, strikes, fasting, and civil disobedience without resorting to violence.

Gandhi applied Satyagraha successfully in various contexts, demonstrating its effectiveness as a tool for social and political change.