Where did Gautama Buddha deliver his first sermon after attaining enlightenment ?
Sarnath
After attaining enlightenment at Bodh Gaya, Gautama Buddha travelled to Sarnath near Varanasi and delivered his first sermon in the deer park at Isipatana.
That sermon is the Dhammachakkappavattana Sutta, the setting in motion of the wheel of law, in which he set out the Middle Path, the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path to the five ascetics who had earlier deserted him. Their ordination made Sarnath the birthplace of the Sangha, so the site marks the founding of the Buddhist order itself.
The other places belong to different episodes of his life. Shravasti is where he spent many rainy-season retreats and performed the twin miracle, Kaushambi was an important centre he visited, and Kushinagar is where he attained mahaparinirvana.
Hence, the answer is Sarnath.
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