Directions: In this section, there is a passage having some blank spaces, each blank space is followed by four individual words or group of words. Select a word or group of words you consider the most appropriate for filling the blank space, and indicate your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly. The Earth's climate is _______ (1) changing and evolving. Some of ______ (2) changes have been due to natural causes but others can be attributed to__________(3) activities such as deforestation, emissions from industry and transport, etc., which have led to the__________.(4) of gases and aerosols in _________(5) atmosphere. These gases are known as greenhouse gases because they trap heat and_______(6) air temperatures near the ground, acting like a greenhouse on the surface of the________(7) In order to create and strengthen the scientific and analytical capacity_________(8) assessment of climate change in the country, different studies under Climate Change Action Programme___________(9) Many important bilateral and multilateral meetings and negotiations are held_________(10) regular intervals.
What would come in blank space (4)?
Analyzing the Passage on Earth's Changing Climate
The provided passage discusses the changes happening to Earth's climate. It explains that while some changes are natural, others are caused by human activities like deforestation and emissions from industry and transport. These activities have a specific effect on the gases and aerosols in the atmosphere, which is described by the word needed in blank space (4).
Understanding Blank Space (4) in the Context of Atmospheric Changes
The sentence containing blank (4) is: "These gases are known as greenhouse gases because they trap heat and_______(6) air temperatures near the ground, acting like a greenhouse on the surface of the________(7) In order to create and strengthen the scientific and analytical capacity_________(8) assessment of climate change in the country, different studies under Climate Change Action Programme___________(9) Many important bilateral and multilateral meetings and negotiations are held________(10) regular intervals."
Let's look at the preceding sentence as well for context: "...activities such as deforestation, emissions from industry and transport, etc., which have led to the__________.(4) of gases and aerosols in _________(5) atmosphere."
This sentence states that human activities (deforestation, emissions) have caused something to happen regarding "gases and aerosols in the atmosphere". We need a word that describes the result of these emissions on the atmospheric content.
Evaluating the Options for Blank (4)
Let's consider the given options for blank (4):
- assimilation
- absolution
- collection
- accumulation
We need to find the word that best fits the idea of gases and aerosols increasing in quantity in the atmosphere due to ongoing emissions.
- Assimilation: This term usually means absorbing something into a system or body. While gases are absorbed by the atmosphere, "assimilation" doesn't directly describe the process of them building up as a result of external input like emissions.
- Absolution: This word means formal release from guilt or punishment. It has no relevance in the context of atmospheric science or climate change.
- Collection: This means gathering things together. While gases and aerosols are 'collected' in the atmosphere, "collection" doesn't emphasize the ongoing process or the resulting increase in concentration as strongly as another option might.
- Accumulation: This means the gradual gathering of something, especially over a period of time. Emissions occur continuously from various sources, leading to a gradual build-up or increase in the concentration of gases and aerosols in the atmosphere. This word perfectly describes this process and its result.
Selecting the Most Appropriate Word: Accumulation
Human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation release greenhouse gases and aerosols into the atmosphere. These substances then build up over time because they are not removed as quickly as they are added. This gradual build-up or increase in quantity is precisely what "accumulation" means. Therefore, "accumulation" is the most fitting word to describe what happens to gases and aerosols in the atmosphere due to emissions.
The completed part of the sentence would be: "...which have led to the accumulation of gases and aerosols in the atmosphere." This clearly states that the human activities cause a build-up of these substances in the air.
| Option | Meaning | Fit in Context (Blank 4) |
|---|---|---|
| Assimilation | Absorbing into a system | Not the best fit for describing a build-up from external sources. |
| Absolution | Release from guilt | Completely irrelevant. |
| Collection | Gathering together | Reasonable, but "accumulation" is more precise for a gradual build-up over time due to continuous input. |
| Accumulation | Gradual gathering/build-up over time | Excellent fit. Describes how emissions increase the concentration of gases/aerosols in the atmosphere. |
Revision Table: Key Terms from the Passage
| Term | Relevance to Passage |
|---|---|
| Climate change | The main topic; Earth's changing climate is discussed. |
| Natural causes | Mentioned as one reason for climate changes. |
| Human activities | Identified as another cause of climate change (deforestation, emissions). |
| Emissions | Release of substances (gases, aerosols) into the atmosphere from industry/transport. |
| Gases and aerosols | Substances that accumulate in the atmosphere due to emissions. |
| Atmosphere | The layer of air surrounding Earth where gases and aerosols accumulate. |
| Greenhouse gases | Specific gases (mentioned later in the passage) that trap heat. |
| Accumulation | The process of gases and aerosols building up in the atmosphere due to emissions. |
Additional Information: Greenhouse Gas Accumulation and the Greenhouse Effect
The passage mentions that the accumulation of certain gases leads to them being called greenhouse gases. This is because these gases trap heat in the atmosphere, leading to a phenomenon known as the greenhouse effect.
- The Sun's energy reaches the Earth's surface.
- The Earth's surface warms up and radiates heat back towards space as infrared radiation.
- Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere absorb some of this infrared radiation and re-emit it in all directions, including back towards the Earth's surface.
- This re-emitted radiation warms the lower atmosphere and the Earth's surface further.
An increase in the concentration (accumulation) of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere due to human activities enhances this natural greenhouse effect, leading to a rise in global temperatures, which is a key aspect of climate change.
Common greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide ($\text{CO}_2$), methane ($\text{CH}_4$), nitrous oxide ($\text{N}_2\text{O}$), and fluorinated gases.
Important Questions from Cloze Test
What would come in blank space (1)?
What would come in blank space (2)?
What would come in blank space (3)?
What would come in blank space (5)?
What would come in blank space (6)?
