Directions: In this section, there is a passage having some blank spaces, each blank space is followed by four individual words or group of words. Select a word or group of words you consider the most appropriate for filling the blank space, and indicate your response on the Answer Sheet accordingly. The Earth's climate is _______ (1) changing and evolving. Some of ______ (2) changes have been due to natural causes but others can be attributed to__________(3) activities such as deforestation, emissions from industry and transport, etc., which have led to the__________.(4) of gases and aerosols in _________(5) atmosphere. These gases are known as greenhouse gases because they trap heat and_______(6) air temperatures near the ground, acting like a greenhouse on the surface of the________(7) In order to create and strengthen the scientific and analytical capacity_________(8) assessment of climate change in the country, different studies under Climate Change Action Programme___________(9) Many important bilateral and multilateral meetings and negotiations are held_________(10) regular intervals.
What would come in blank space (3)?
The question asks us to fill in blank space (3) in the provided passage about the Earth's changing climate. We need to choose the most appropriate word from the given options that fits the context.
Analyzing the Climate Change Passage Context
The passage discusses how the Earth's climate is changing due to various reasons. It mentions that some changes are natural, but others "can be attributed to__________ (3) activities". The passage then gives examples of these activities: "such as deforestation, emissions from industry and transport, etc."
We need to identify what kind of activities deforestation, emissions from industry, and transport are.
Evaluating the Options for Blank (3)
Let's look at the options provided for blank (3):
- practical: This refers to activities that are useful or realistic. While deforestation, industry, and transport can be considered practical in some contexts, describing them simply as "practical activities" doesn't specifically identify the agent causing them in the context of climate change attribution.
- geological: This relates to the Earth's physical structure and processes, like volcanic eruptions or tectonic shifts. Deforestation, industry, and transport are not geological activities.
- human: This refers to activities performed by people. Deforestation is the clearing of forests by humans. Emissions from industry are a result of human industrial processes. Transport involves vehicles operated by humans. These examples perfectly fit the description of human activities.
- animal: This refers to activities performed by animals. While animals can impact the environment (e.g., grazing, methane emissions from livestock), deforestation, large-scale industrial emissions, and modern transport systems are not primarily animal activities.
Determining the Most Appropriate Word
Based on the examples provided (deforestation, emissions from industry and transport), the activities causing climate change discussed in this part of the passage are clearly those carried out by humans. Therefore, "human" is the most fitting word to complete the phrase "attributed to__________ (3) activities".
The complete sentence fragment would be: "...but others can be attributed to human activities such as deforestation, emissions from industry and transport, etc." This makes logical sense in the context of climate change causes.
Summary of Analysis
The passage links blank (3) activities to specific examples like deforestation, industry emissions, and transport. These examples are consequences of human actions. Therefore, the most appropriate term for blank (3) is 'human'.
Let's confirm the placement in the sentence:
"Some of ______ (2) changes have been due to natural causes but others can be attributed to human activities such as deforestation, emissions from industry and transport, etc..."
This sentence structure and meaning are coherent and align with the common understanding of anthropogenic (human-caused) factors in climate change.
| Option | Relevance to Examples (Deforestation, Industry, Transport) | Fit for Blank (3) |
|---|---|---|
| practical | Too general; doesn't specify the agent. | Poor fit. |
| geological | Not related to these examples. | Incorrect. |
| human | Directly responsible for these activities. | Excellent fit. |
| animal | Not the primary cause of these large-scale activities. | Incorrect. |
The word that fits best in blank space (3) is "human".
Revision Table: Understanding Climate Change Attribution
| Cause Type | Examples from Passage Context | Impact on Climate |
|---|---|---|
| Natural Causes | Not specified in detail here, but typically include solar variations, volcanic eruptions, natural cycles like El Niño. | Can cause climate fluctuations over various timescales. |
| Human Activities | Deforestation, Emissions from industry, Emissions from transport. | Lead to increased greenhouse gas concentrations, trapping heat and warming the planet. |
Additional Information on Human Activities and Climate Change
Human activities that contribute to climate change are often called anthropogenic factors. These include:
- Burning Fossil Fuels: Coal, oil, and natural gas are burned for electricity, heat, transport, and industry. This releases large amounts of carbon dioxide ($\text{CO}_2$) and other greenhouse gases.
- Deforestation: Forests absorb $\text{CO}_2$ from the atmosphere. Cutting them down releases the stored carbon and reduces the planet's ability to absorb more $\text{CO}_2$.
- Industrial Processes: Many industrial activities release greenhouse gases like $\text{CO}_2$, methane ($\text{CH}_4$), nitrous oxide ($\text{N}_2\text{O}$), and fluorinated gases.
- Agriculture: Livestock farming produces methane. Certain fertilizers release nitrous oxide. Rice cultivation can also release methane.
- Waste Disposal: Landfills produce methane as waste decomposes.
These human activities significantly increase the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which enhances the natural greenhouse effect and leads to global warming and climate change.
Important Questions from Cloze Test
What would come in blank space (1)?
What would come in blank space (2)?
What would come in blank space (4)?
What would come in blank space (5)?
What would come in blank space (6)?
