Question
Under the British policy of 'Dual Government' in Bengal (1765), who controlled revenue and civil administration, respectively?
The correct answer is
Company - Revenue, Nawab - Civil administration
Understanding Dual Government in Bengal (1765)
The question asks about the division of powers under the 'Dual Government' system implemented in Bengal by the British East India Company in 1765. This system was a significant part of British policy following the Battle of Buxar.
Key Features of Dual Government
The Dual Government essentially divided the administrative functions between the British East India Company and the Nawab of Bengal. Here's how the control was distributed:
- Revenue Collection (Diwani): The British East India Company secured the rights to collect revenue (the Diwani) from the Mughal Emperor. This gave the Company direct control over the finances of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa.
- Civil Administration (Nizamat): The responsibility for civil administration, justice, and police functions (the Nizamat) theoretically remained with the Nawab. However, the Nawab acted merely as a figurehead, with the real power resting with the Company, which appointed officials and controlled the Nawab's finances.
Power Distribution
Under this arrangement:
- The Company was responsible for collecting land revenue and managing finances.
- The Nawab was responsible for the day-to-day civil administration and justice, but was dependent on the Company for funds.
| Area of Control | Administering Authority |
|---|---|
| Revenue Collection (Diwani) | Company |
| Civil Administration (Nizamat) | Nawab (under Company's influence) |
Conclusion
Therefore, the Company controlled the revenue, while the Nawab managed the civil administration.
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