Tropical cyclones are most frequently observed in the Bay of Bengal during :
Oct. – Dec.
Tropical cyclones need a warm sea surface (above about 26.5 °C), high mid-level humidity, low vertical wind shear and enough Coriolis force, i.e. a disturbance a few degrees away from the equator.
Over the north Indian Ocean the cyclone season is bimodal: a smaller peak in the pre-monsoon months and a larger peak in the post-monsoon months after the south-west monsoon withdraws.
In the post-monsoon period the Bay of Bengal is still very warm, the monsoon trough and the inter-tropical convergence zone lie over the southern Bay, and vertical wind shear is weak, so the largest number of cyclones form then (e.g. many severe cyclones striking Andhra Pradesh, Odisha and Tamil Nadu in October–December).
In July–August the strong monsoon westerlies and the tropical easterly jet create large vertical wind shear, so systems mostly remain depressions; in January–February the sea is cooler and dry north-easterly air prevails; March–May gives only the secondary, smaller peak.
Therefore the season of most frequent cyclones in the Bay of Bengal is the post-monsoon season.
Hence, Oct. – Dec.
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