The statement 'Mādhyamika does not mean absolute non-being, but relative being' is a significant interpretation of the Mādhyamika school's core concept of emptiness (śūnyatā).
This interpretation distinguishes the Mādhyamika view from nihilism.
Philosopher Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan is credited with articulating this nuanced understanding.
He explained that Mādhyamika philosophy, particularly Nāgārjuna's teachings, posits that phenomena lack inherent existence (svabhāva), thus exhibiting 'emptiness'. This emptiness signifies their dependent and relational nature, constituting 'relative being', rather than a complete negation of existence ('absolute non-being').
| LIST-I | LIST-II |
| A. Madhyamika School | I. Upali |
| B. The Vinaya School | II. Mahadeva |
| C. The Caityavada School | III. Maitreya |
| D. The Yogacara School | IV. Nagarjuna |
| LIST-I | LIST-II |
| A. Khuddak - Nikaya | I. Samyutta - Nikaya |
| B. Sutta Pitaka | II. Mahavagga |
| C. Khandhaka | III. Yamaka |
| D. Abhidhamma - Pitak | IV. Patisambhida |