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Question

The following table shows the number of students in each of the five classes (A-E) of a school and the percentage (%) of students in these classes who like to play cricket, tennis, handball and football. Based on the data in the table, answer the questions. (A student can play one or more games or no game at all)

Class - wise students participation in sports.

ClassNumber of studentsPercentage (%) of students who like
CricketTennisHandballFootball
A24060%70%50%60%
B28050%60%60%50%
C32040%65%55%45%
D36065%75%65%55%
E48070%80%75%45%

The maximum percentage of students in Class A who do not like to play any of the given four games can be

The correct answer is

30%

Analyzing Sports Preferences in Class A

The question asks for the maximum possible percentage of students in Class A who do not like to play any of the four given games: cricket, tennis, handball, and football. We are provided with the percentage of students in Class A who like each specific game.

Understanding the Data for Class A

Let's extract the relevant data for Class A from the table:

Class Number of students Percentage (%) who like Cricket Percentage (%) who like Tennis Percentage (%) who like Handball Percentage (%) who like Football
A 240 60% 70% 50% 60%

Note that the percentages represent the proportion of students in Class A who like a particular game. A student can like more than one game, or no game at all. This means the groups of students who like different games might overlap.

Finding the Maximum Percentage Not Liking Any Game

We want to find the maximum percentage of students who like *none* of the four games. To maximize the group who like none, we must minimize the group who like *at least one* game.

Consider the percentages of students who like each game in Class A:

  • Cricket: 60%
  • Tennis: 70%
  • Handball: 50%
  • Football: 60%

The percentage of students who like *at least one* game is the union of the sets of students who like each game. The minimum possible size of this union occurs when the sets overlap as much as possible. The largest individual percentage is 70% (for Tennis). This means that 70% of students like Tennis. It is possible, in the scenario where the union is minimized, that all students who like Cricket (60%), Handball (50%), and Football (60%) are also included within the 70% who like Tennis.

Therefore, the minimum percentage of students who like at least one game is the maximum of the individual percentages:

\(\text{Minimum percentage liking at least one game} = \max(60\%, 70\%, 50\%, 60\%) = 70\%\)

If the minimum percentage of students who like at least one game is 70%, then the maximum percentage of students who do *not* like any of the games is the complement of this value.

\(\text{Maximum percentage not liking any game} = 100\% - \text{Minimum percentage liking at least one game}\)

\(\text{Maximum percentage not liking any game} = 100\% - 70\%\)

\(\text{Maximum percentage not liking any game} = 30\%\)

This represents the scenario where the 70% of students who like Tennis potentially include all students who like other sports, leaving the remaining 30% as those who like none of the listed games.

Conclusion

Based on the data for Class A, the maximum percentage of students who do not like to play any of the given four games is 30%.

The final answer is 30%.

Revision Table: Class A Sports Data

Metric Value for Class A Explanation
Number of Students 240 Total students in Class A.
% like Cricket 60% Percentage liking Cricket.
% like Tennis 70% Percentage liking Tennis.
% like Handball 50% Percentage liking Handball.
% like Football 60% Percentage liking Football.
Max Individual % 70% Highest percentage liking any single game (Tennis).
Min % liking \(\ge\) 1 game 70% Minimum percentage of students liking at least one game (assuming maximum overlap).
Max % not liking any game 30% Maximum percentage of students liking none of the games (100% - Min % liking \(\ge\) 1 game).

Additional Information: Understanding Overlapping Sets and Percentages

When dealing with percentages for different categories that can overlap (like students liking different sports), the sum of the percentages can exceed 100%. This is because students are counted in multiple categories if they like more than one sport.

  • To find the minimum percentage of students who like *at least one* item from a set of categories with given percentages (allowing overlap), you take the maximum of the individual percentages. This assumes that the groups liking the smaller-percentage items are entirely contained within the group liking the largest-percentage item.
  • To find the maximum percentage of students who like *none* of the items, you subtract the minimum percentage who like *at least one* item from 100%. This represents the remaining students who are not part of the smallest possible union of the categories.

This method gives the bounds (minimum/maximum) for the number/percentage of students in the union or its complement when the extent of overlap between categories is unknown but students can belong to multiple categories.

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Important Questions from Tabulation

  1. The table shows District-wise data of a number of primary school teachers posted in schools of a city.

    Study the table and answer the question:

    District

    Male teachers

    Female teachers

    East

    1650

    2375

    North

    1075

    2651

    West

    1280

    1520

    South

    1170

    1085

    Central

    690

    859


    What is the difference between the total number of male teachers in the districts East, North, West taken together and the total number of female teachers in the districts East and South?
  2. Table shows income (in Rs. ) received by 4 employees of a company during the month of December 2020 and all their income sources.

    Source

    Amit

    Suresh

    Nitin

    Varun

    Salary

    35000

    38500

    29000

    42000

    Arrears

    6000

    6300

    5000

    7500

    Bonus

    1000

    1100

    1000

    1240

    Overtime

    1800

    1950

    1400

    1500


    What is the ratio of salary of Varun to his income other than salary?
  3. Study the table and answer the question:

    Income (Rs.)

    No. of persons

    Less than 200

    12

    Less than 250

    26

    Less than 300

    34

    Less than 350

    40

    Less than 400

    50


    What is the percentage of persons earning Rs. 250 or more?
  4. The following table shows the annual profit of a company (in Rs. lakh).

    2014-2015

    2015-2016

    2016-0217

    2017-2018

    2018-2019

    625

    690

    725

    775

    815

    The period which has the maximum percentage increase in profit over the previous year is:

  5. The table given below shows the number of persons participating in a survey from 6 different states.

    States Persons 
    S1100
    S2200 
    S3400 
    S4500 
    S5600 
    S6800

    What is the ratio of number of person participating in a survey from state S3 to the number of person participating in a survey from state S4?

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