The information contained in DNA is used to synthesize proteins that are necessary for the functioning of life. DNA is composed of four nucleotides: Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G). The information contained in DNA can then be thought of as a sequence of these four nucleotides: A, T, C, and G. DNA has coding and non-coding regions. Coding regions—where the sequence of these nucleotides are read in groups of three to produce individual amino acids—constitute only about 2% of human DNA. For example, the triplet of nucleotides CCG codes for the amino acid glycine, while the triplet GGA codes for the amino acid proline. Multiple amino acids are then assembled to form a protein.
Based only on the information provided above, which of the following statements can be logically inferred with certainty?
(i) The majority of human DNA has no role in the synthesis of proteins.
(ii) The function of about 98% of human DNA is not understood.
The question asks to identify statements that can be inferred with certainty, based solely on the provided information about DNA structure and its role in protein synthesis.
Analyzing DNA Information Statements
We must evaluate each statement to determine if it logically follows from the text provided, without making external assumptions.
Statement (i) Analysis: Role in Protein Synthesis
The text states that coding regions, which are read in triplets to produce amino acids for protein synthesis, constitute only about 2% of human DNA. The remaining 98% is described as non-coding.
While the text clarifies that 2% of DNA is directly involved in coding for amino acids, it does not explicitly state that the remaining 98% has no role whatsoever in protein synthesis. Non-coding regions can have regulatory functions (e.g., controlling gene expression) that indirectly affect protein synthesis. Since the text does not provide information to exclude any role for the non-coding regions, inferring with certainty that they have no role is not possible based *only* on the given text.
Statement (ii) Analysis: Understanding of Function
The text explains that specific nucleotide sequences (coding regions, about 2% of DNA) are used to synthesize proteins by coding for amino acids.
The provided text offers no information regarding whether the function of the remaining 98% of human DNA is understood or not. Therefore, this statement cannot be logically inferred with certainty.
Conclusion
Based on the provided text alone:
- Statement (i) cannot be inferred with certainty because the text does not exclude potential indirect roles for non-coding DNA in protein synthesis.
- Statement (ii) cannot be inferred with certainty as the text provides no information about the understanding of DNA functions.
Consequently, neither statement (i) nor (ii) can be logically inferred with certainty.
Important Questions from Inference
- Relatedness Hypothesis is the idea that many similarities between languages indicate that they ______.
A smart city integrates all modes of transport, uses clean energy and promotes sustainable use of resources. It also uses technology to ensure safety and security of the city, something which critics argue, will lead to a surveillance state.
Which of the following can be logically inferred from the above paragraph?
(i) All smart cities encourage the formation of surveillance states.
(ii) Surveillance is an integral part of a smart city.
(iii) Sustainability and surveillance go hand in hand in a smart city.
(iv) There is a perception that smart cities promote surveillance.Which of the following options is the closest in meaning to the sentence below?
"As a woman, I have no country."
Wanted Temporary, Part-time persons for the post of Field Interviewer to conduct personal interviews to collect and collate economic data. Requirements: High School-pass, must be available for Day, Evening and Saturday work. Transportation paid, expenses reimbursed.
Which one of the following is the best inference from the above advertisement?
- The documents expose the cynicism of the government officials – and yet as the media website reflects, not a single newspaper has reported on their existence.
Which one of the following inferences may be drawn with the greatest accuracy from the above passage?
