A smart city integrates all modes of transport, uses clean energy and promotes sustainable use of resources. It also uses technology to ensure safety and security of the city, something which critics argue, will lead to a surveillance state.
Which of the following can be logically inferred from the above paragraph?
(i) All smart cities encourage the formation of surveillance states.
(ii) Surveillance is an integral part of a smart city.
(iii) Sustainability and surveillance go hand in hand in a smart city.
(iv) There is a perception that smart cities promote surveillance.
Logical Inference on Smart City Surveillance
The question requires identifying statements that can be logically deduced from the provided paragraph about smart cities.
Analyzing Statement (i): All smart cities encourage the formation of surveillance states.
The paragraph mentions that "critics argue" technology used for safety and security "will lead to a surveillance state." This identifies a criticism and a potential outcome, not a universal intent or encouragement ("All smart cities encourage"). Therefore, statement (i) cannot be logically inferred.
Analyzing Statement (ii): Surveillance is an integral part of a smart city.
The text links technology for safety/security to the *criticism* of surveillance. It does not state that surveillance itself is an inherent, essential component ("integral part") of every smart city's design or function.
Analyzing Statement (iii): Sustainability and surveillance go hand in hand in a smart city.
While the paragraph mentions both sustainability and technology for safety (linked to surveillance concerns), it does not establish a direct, inseparable relationship ("go hand in hand") between these two aspects. The connection is indirect and arises from specific technological implementations.
Analyzing Statement (iv): There is a perception that smart cities promote surveillance.
The paragraph explicitly states "...something which critics argue, will lead to a surveillance state." The phrase "critics argue" directly indicates that there is a viewpoint or perception among critics that smart cities foster surveillance. This statement is directly supported by the text.
Conclusion
Based on the analysis, only statement (iv) is a logical inference from the given paragraph.
Important Questions from Inference
- Language X is in vigorous use, with literature in a standardized form being used by some, though this is not yet widespread or sustainable. Based on the EGIDS scale by Lewis and Simons 2010, what is the status of the language X?
- The Chāndogya Upaniṣad gives the mahāvākya – Tat tvam asi (Ch. Upa. 6:8:7), ‘That you are.' In this ‘great statement' what does “tat” (“that”) stand for?
Thousands of years ago, some people began dairy farming. This coincided with a number of mutations in a particular gene that resulted in these people developing the ability to digest dairy milk.
Based on the given passage, which of the following can be inferred?The information contained in DNA is used to synthesize proteins that are necessary for the functioning of life. DNA is composed of four nucleotides: Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G). The information contained in DNA can then be thought of as a sequence of these four nucleotides: A, T, C, and G. DNA has coding and non-coding regions. Coding regions—where the sequence of these nucleotides are read in groups of three to produce individual amino acids—constitute only about 2% of human DNA. For example, the triplet of nucleotides CCG codes for the amino acid glycine, while the triplet GGA codes for the amino acid proline. Multiple amino acids are then assembled to form a protein.
Based only on the information provided above, which of the following statements can be logically inferred with certainty?
(i) The majority of human DNA has no role in the synthesis of proteins.
(ii) The function of about 98% of human DNA is not understood.The World Bank has declared that it does not plan to offer new financing to Sri Lanka, which is battling its worst economic crisis in decades, until the country has an adequate macroeconomic policy framework in place. In a statement, the World Bank said Sri Lanka needed to adopt structural reforms that focus on economic stabilisation and tackle the root causes of its crisis. The latter has starved it of foreign exchange and led to shortages of food, fuel, and medicines. The bank is repurposing resources under existing loans to help alleviate shortages of essential items such as medicine, cooking gas, fertiliser, meals for children, and cash for vulnerable households.
Based only on the above passage, which one of the following statements can be inferred with certainty?
