The horse has played a little known but very important role in the field of medicine. Horses were injected with toxins of diseases until their blood built up immunities. Then a serum was made from their blood. Serums to fight with diphtheria and tetanus were developed this way. It can be inferred from the passage, that horses were
Understanding Horse's Role in Medical Immunity
The passage explains a specific process used in medicine involving horses:
- Horses were injected with toxins from specific diseases.
- This injection process caused their blood to develop immunities.
- A serum, a form of passive immunity, was then created using the horses' blood.
- This method was used to develop serums for diseases like diphtheria and tetanus.
Inferring Horse's Condition
Based on the text, the injection of toxins was done specifically until their blood built up immunities. This directly means the process gave the horses immunity to the diseases targeted by the toxins.
Let's analyze the options:
- Option 1: given immunity to diseases - This aligns perfectly with the passage's description of building up immunities through toxin injection.
- Option 2: generally quite immune to diseases - The passage implies immunity was acquired through the process, not a pre-existing general state.
- Option 3: given medicines to fight toxins - Horses were given toxins to stimulate their immune system, not medicines. The resulting serum acted as medicine.
- Option 4: given diphtheria and tetanus serums - Serums were made *from* the horses' blood, not given *to* them.
Therefore, the most accurate inference is that the horses were given immunity to diseases through this process.
Important Questions from Inference
- Language X is in vigorous use, with literature in a standardized form being used by some, though this is not yet widespread or sustainable. Based on the EGIDS scale by Lewis and Simons 2010, what is the status of the language X?
- The Chāndogya Upaniṣad gives the mahāvākya – Tat tvam asi (Ch. Upa. 6:8:7), ‘That you are.' In this ‘great statement' what does “tat” (“that”) stand for?
Thousands of years ago, some people began dairy farming. This coincided with a number of mutations in a particular gene that resulted in these people developing the ability to digest dairy milk.
Based on the given passage, which of the following can be inferred?The information contained in DNA is used to synthesize proteins that are necessary for the functioning of life. DNA is composed of four nucleotides: Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G). The information contained in DNA can then be thought of as a sequence of these four nucleotides: A, T, C, and G. DNA has coding and non-coding regions. Coding regions—where the sequence of these nucleotides are read in groups of three to produce individual amino acids—constitute only about 2% of human DNA. For example, the triplet of nucleotides CCG codes for the amino acid glycine, while the triplet GGA codes for the amino acid proline. Multiple amino acids are then assembled to form a protein.
Based only on the information provided above, which of the following statements can be logically inferred with certainty?
(i) The majority of human DNA has no role in the synthesis of proteins.
(ii) The function of about 98% of human DNA is not understood.The World Bank has declared that it does not plan to offer new financing to Sri Lanka, which is battling its worst economic crisis in decades, until the country has an adequate macroeconomic policy framework in place. In a statement, the World Bank said Sri Lanka needed to adopt structural reforms that focus on economic stabilisation and tackle the root causes of its crisis. The latter has starved it of foreign exchange and led to shortages of food, fuel, and medicines. The bank is repurposing resources under existing loans to help alleviate shortages of essential items such as medicine, cooking gas, fertiliser, meals for children, and cash for vulnerable households.
Based only on the above passage, which one of the following statements can be inferred with certainty?
