The given hydrocarbon is CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - CH3
Pentane
Identifying the Given Hydrocarbon Structure
The question asks us to identify the name of the given hydrocarbon structure: CH$_3$ - CH$_2$ - CH$_2$ - CH$_2$ - CH$_3$. This is a fundamental problem in organic chemistry, specifically dealing with the naming of hydrocarbons.
A hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon atoms. The given structure shows a chain of carbon atoms bonded to each other and to hydrogen atoms. We need to determine the specific name based on the structure.
Counting Carbon Atoms
The first step in naming a simple linear hydrocarbon is to count the number of carbon atoms in the main chain. Let's count them in the given structure:
- CH$_3$ (Carbon 1)
- CH$_2$ (Carbon 2)
- CH$_2$ (Carbon 3)
- CH$_2$ (Carbon 4)
- CH$_3$ (Carbon 5)
There are a total of 5 carbon atoms linked together in a continuous chain.
Determining the Hydrocarbon Type
Next, we look at the types of bonds between the carbon atoms. In the structure CH$_3$ - CH$_2$ - CH$_2$ - CH$_2$ - CH$_3$, all the bonds between carbon atoms are single bonds (-). A hydrocarbon that contains only single bonds between carbon atoms is called an alkane. Alkanes are also known as saturated hydrocarbons because the carbon atoms are saturated with hydrogen atoms (they hold the maximum possible number of hydrogens).
Hydrocarbons with double bonds are alkenes, and those with triple bonds are alkynes. Since the given structure only has single bonds, it is an alkane.
Naming the Alkane (Hydrocarbon Naming)
Alkanes are named using prefixes that indicate the number of carbon atoms, followed by the suffix "-ane". The prefixes for the first few numbers of carbon atoms are:
| Number of Carbons | Prefix | Alkane Name | Formula (C$_n$H$_{2n+2}$) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Meth- | Methane | CH$_4$ |
| 2 | Eth- | Ethane | C$_2$H$_6$ |
| 3 | Prop- | Propane | C$_3$H$_8$ |
| 4 | But- | Butane | C$_4$H$_{10}$ |
| 5 | Pent- | Pentane | C$_5$H$_{12}$ |
Since the given hydrocarbon has 5 carbon atoms and is an alkane (a saturated hydrocarbon), we use the prefix "pent-" and the suffix "-ane". Combining these gives the name Pentane.
The general formula for an alkane is C$_n$H$_{2n+2}$, where 'n' is the number of carbon atoms. For the given structure with 5 carbons (n=5), the formula would be C$_5$H$_{2(5)+2}$ = C$_5$H$_{12}$. Let's count the hydrogen atoms in the structure: 3 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 3 = 12 hydrogens. This confirms the formula is indeed C$_5$H$_{12}$, which matches Pentane.
Evaluating the Options
Let's look at the provided options:
- Butane: This is an alkane with 4 carbon atoms (C$_4$H$_{10}$). The given structure has 5 carbons. So, this is incorrect.
- Pentane: This is an alkane with 5 carbon atoms (C$_5$H$_{12}$). This matches our analysis of the given structure.
- Pentene: This is an alkene with 5 carbon atoms (C$_5$H$_{10}$), containing a carbon-carbon double bond. The given structure has only single bonds. So, this is incorrect.
- Pentyne: This is an alkyne with 5 carbon atoms (C$_5$H$_8$), containing a carbon-carbon triple bond. The given structure has only single bonds. So, this is incorrect.
Based on the number of carbon atoms (5) and the presence of only single bonds (indicating it's an alkane), the given hydrocarbon is Pentane. This method of naming hydrocarbons is part of IUPAC naming rules.
Therefore, the correct name for the hydrocarbon CH$_3$ - CH$_2$ - CH$_2$ - CH$_2$ - CH$_3$ is Pentane.
Important Questions from Haloalkanes And Haloarenes
IUPAC name of neopentyl chloride is
Among the following statements, choose the correct statements.
A. SN2 reaction proceeds with stereo chemical inversion.
B. The process of conversion of Racemic mixture into enantiomer is known as Racemisation
C. A mixture containing 2 enantiomers in equal proportions is known as Racemic mixture.
D. The stereoisomers related to each other as superimposable mirror image are called enantiomers.
E. The objects which are non- superimposable on their mirror image are said to be chiral and this properly is known as chirality.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Which of the following would yield a single monohalogen derivative?
The index of hydrogen deficiency (IHD) of benzene is
Which of the following represents an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction?
