Let's analyze each statement to determine its correctness regarding stereochemistry concepts.

Analyzing Stereochemistry Statements

We will go through each statement provided and evaluate its accuracy based on standard chemical definitions and principles.

• Statement A: SN2 reaction proceeds with stereochemical inversion.

This statement is correct. The SN2 (Substitution Nucleophilic Bimolecular) reaction involves a backside attack by the nucleophile on the substrate. This attack occurs on the side opposite to the leaving group. As the nucleophile bonds and the leaving group departs, the configuration around the carbon atom is flipped, much like an umbrella turning inside out in a strong wind. This change in configuration is known as stereochemical inversion, specifically Walden inversion when the reaction occurs at a chiral center.

• Statement B: The process of conversion of Racemic mixture into enantiomer is known as Racemisation

This statement is incorrect. Racemization is actually the process where a pure enantiomer (a single chiral isomer) or a chirally pure substance is converted into a racemic mixture. A racemic mixture contains equal amounts of the two enantiomers, and it is optically inactive. Converting a racemic mixture back into individual enantiomers usually requires techniques like chiral resolution, not racemization.

• Statement C: A mixture containing 2 enantiomers in equal proportions is known as Racemic mixture.

This statement is correct. The definition of a racemic mixture is a mixture that contains equal molar amounts of two enantiomers. Because the two enantiomers rotate plane-polarized light in opposite but equal directions, a racemic mixture is optically inactive.

• Statement D: The stereoisomers related to each other as superimposable mirror image are called enantiomers.

This statement is incorrect. Enantiomers are stereoisomers that are related as non-superimposable mirror images of each other. If two mirror images are superimposable, they are identical molecules, not different stereoisomers. Molecules that are superimposable on their mirror image are called achiral.

• Statement E: The objects which are non- superimposable on their mirror image are said to be chiral and this properly is known as chirality.

This statement is correct. Chirality is the property of a molecule or object being non-superimposable on its mirror image. Objects or molecules possessing this property are called chiral. A chiral center (like a carbon atom bonded to four different groups) is a common feature that leads to molecular chirality, but chirality is a property of the molecule as a whole.

Summary of Statement Correctness

Let's summarize the correctness of each statement in a table.

Based on our analysis, statements A, C, and E are correct.

Identifying the Correct Option

We need to find the option that includes only the correct statements (A, C, and E).

• Option 1: A, B and C only (Incorrect, B is wrong)
• Option 2: A, C and E only (Correct)
• Option 3: B, C and E only (Incorrect, B is wrong)
• Option 4: C, D and E only (Incorrect, D is wrong)

Therefore, the correct option is the one listing A, C, and E.

Revision Table: Stereochemistry Key Concepts

Additional Information: Delving Deeper into Stereochemistry

Stereochemistry is a crucial part of organic chemistry that studies the three-dimensional structure of molecules. Understanding how atoms are arranged in space is vital for predicting and explaining the properties and reactions of molecules.

Chiral vs. Achiral Molecules

A molecule is chiral if it cannot be superimposed on its mirror image. A common cause of chirality is the presence of a chiral center, such as a carbon atom bonded to four different groups. Molecules that are superimposable on their mirror image are called achiral. Achiral molecules often possess symmetry elements like a plane of symmetry or a center of symmetry.

Optical Activity

Chiral molecules are optically active, meaning they can rotate the plane of plane-polarized light. Enantiomers rotate plane-polarized light by the same amount but in opposite directions. One enantiomer is designated as (+) or d (dextrorotatory) because it rotates light clockwise, while the other is designated as (-) or l (levorotatory) because it rotates light counterclockwise.

SN1 vs. SN2 Stereochemistry

SN2 reactions lead to complete inversion of configuration at the chiral center. If you start with a single enantiomer that is chiral at the reacting carbon, the SN2 product will be the other enantiomer. SN1 reactions, which proceed via a carbocation intermediate, typically lead to racemization or partial racemization, resulting in a mixture of both enantiomers because the nucleophile can attack the planar carbocation from either face.