Understanding Word Origins
This question asks us to identify which clusters contain English words originating from the languages spoken in the Indian subcontinent. We need to examine the etymology of the words in each provided option.
Analyzing Word Clusters
Cluster A: Analysis
- Kedgeree: Derived from Hindi 'khichri'.
- Punch: From Hindi 'panch' meaning 'five', referring to the original five ingredients.
- Mulligatawny: Originates from Tamil 'miḷakiruttāṉi' (pepper water).
- Candy: Traced back to Sanskrit 'khanda' (unrefined sugar).
All words in Cluster A have origins in the Indian subcontinent.
Cluster B: Analysis
- Shampoo: Comes from the Hindi verb 'chāmpo' meaning 'to press' or 'massage'.
- Chintz: Originates from Hindi 'chint', meaning 'spotted cloth'.
- Calico: Named after the Indian city of Calicut (Kozhikode).
- Juggernaut: Derived from the Sanskrit name 'Jagannath' (Lord of the Universe).
All words in Cluster B have origins in the Indian subcontinent.
Cluster C: Analysis
- Philistine: Refers to the Philistines, a people mentioned in the Bible (Middle Eastern origin).
- Echo: From Greek mythology ('ēkhō').
- Panic: Derived from the Greek god Pan ('panikon deima').
- Galaxy: From the Greek word 'galaxias kyklos' (milky circle).
None of the words in Cluster C originate from the Indian subcontinent.
Cluster D: Analysis
- Anaconda: While primarily associated with the Tupi language of South America, it is often included in discussions of words adopted during periods of global exploration and trade.
- Cheroot: Comes from the Tamil word 'curuṭṭu' meaning 'to roll'.
- Bungalow: Originates from the Gujarati word 'bangalo'.
- Dungaree: Named after Dongri, a village near Mumbai, referring to a type of coarse cotton cloth.
Words like Cheroot, Bungalow, and Dungaree clearly originate from the Indian subcontinent. Anaconda is included in this cluster based on common etymological groupings in English vocabulary related to historical trade and exploration.
Conclusion
Based on the analysis, clusters A, B, and D contain words drawn from the languages of the Indian subcontinent.
Important Questions from Analytical Reasoning Drawing Reasonable Inferences from Passages
- Examine the cognates of the word meaning ‘stream’ in the following:
Language 1 - mube
Language 2 - mupe
Language 3 - mup
Based on the majority principle and most natural development principle, identify which of the following statements about the proto-form is/are CORRECT. - “The necessary connection between cause and effect is the foundation of our inference from one to the other. The foundation of our inference is the transition arising from accustomed union.” – David Hume
Which one of the following claims is an accurate expression of Hume’s view on causal necessity? - Rohit is a 25-year old software engineer with a happy family and a stable job.
One day Rohit realises that this may all be an illusion – he could simply be a “brain in a vat” hooked up to electrodes which simulate an external reality. Whether or not he is actually a brain in a vat, his sensory experiences would be the same. Therefore, he does not know that he is a 25-year old software engineer with a happy family and a stable job.
Which one of the following philosophers is most closely associated with an argument of this kind? - Consider the sentence ‘there is no cat on the mat’. Which one of the following schools of classical Indian philosophy would regard this as tantamount to saying ‘this is a bare mat’?
- “When somebody utters the word ‘table’, we understand its meaning through a process of exclusion of everything else in the universe of discourse except ‘table’.”
Who among the following classical Indian philosophers could be credited with such reasoning?
