The following language uses mnemonic OP codes
Assembly language
Assembly Language and Mnemonic OP Codes
When studying how computers are programmed, it's important to understand the different levels of programming languages. The question specifically asks which language uses mnemonic OP codes. A mnemonic OP code is a symbolic, easy-to-remember abbreviation for a specific operation that a computer's processor can perform.
Mnemonic OP Codes Explained
A mnemonic OP code (operation code) serves as a human-readable representation of a machine language instruction. Instead of dealing with long strings of binary numbers (0s and 1s), which are very difficult for people to write and comprehend, programmers use these symbolic codes. For instance:
- ADD might represent the operation to "add two values".
- MOV could stand for "move data" from one memory location or register to another.
- JMP could signify "jump" to a different instruction address in the program.
These mnemonics make the process of writing low-level programs much more practical and less error-prone for developers.
Assembly Language and its Use of Mnemonic OP Codes
Assembly language is a low-level programming language that is closely tied to the specific architecture of a computer's processor. It is characterized by its direct use of mnemonic OP codes to represent machine instructions and symbolic names for memory locations or registers. Typically, one instruction in assembly language corresponds to one machine language instruction.
An essential tool for working with assembly language is an assembler. This program translates the assembly language code (which contains mnemonics) into machine language (binary instructions) that the computer's central processing unit (CPU) can execute directly.
| Language Type | Description | Conceptual Instruction Example |
|---|---|---|
| Machine Language | Composed of binary digits (0s and 1s) that the CPU understands directly. Extremely difficult for humans to read, write, and debug. | 0010 0110 1010 0011 (A specific binary pattern for an operation) |
| Assembly Language | Uses mnemonic OP codes and symbolic addresses. Each instruction maps almost one-to-one with a machine instruction. Requires an assembler for translation. | ADD R1, R2 (Add the content of Register 2 to Register 1) |
| High-Level Language | More abstract and human-friendly, closer to natural language. Uses compilers or interpreters to translate into machine code. Easier to write, more portable across different computer systems. | total = value1 + value2; |
Other Language Types Explained
- High-level language: These languages are designed to be more understandable for humans and are largely independent of the specific computer hardware. Examples include C++, Java, Python, and even BASIC. They use statements that resemble natural language and mathematical expressions, not mnemonic OP codes. Programmers using these languages focus more on the logic of the problem rather than the intricacies of the hardware.
- BASIC language: As a specific example of a high-level language, BASIC (Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) was developed to be easy for novice programmers. It features English-like commands and simplified syntax. It does not employ mnemonic OP codes for its instructions.
- Machine language: This is the most fundamental programming language, consisting solely of binary code (sequences of 0s and 1s). It is the only language that a computer's CPU can execute directly without any translation. While mnemonic OP codes represent instructions that eventually become machine language, machine language itself does not use mnemonics; it uses pure binary.
Based on this understanding, the language that directly uses mnemonic OP codes for its instructions is Assembly language.
Important Questions from Machine Instructions and Addressing Modes
Arrange the following types of machine in descending order of complexity.
(A) SISD
(B) MIMD
(C) SIMD
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Consider the following program fragment in assembly language:
mov ax, 0h
mov cx, 0A h
doloop:
dec ax
loop doloop
What is the value of ax and cx registers after the completion of the doloop?
Consider the following assembly program fragment:
stc
mov al, 11010110b
mov cl, 2
rcl al, 3
rol al, 4
shr al, cl
mul cl
The contents of the destination register ax (in hexadecimal) and the status of Carry Flag (CF) after the execution of above instructions, are:
A micro-instruction format has micro-ops field which is divided into three subfields F1, F2, F3 each having seven distinct micro-operations, condition field CD for four status bits, branch field BR having four options used in conjunction with address field ADF. The address space is of 128 memory locations. The size of micro-instruction is :
This instruction is of what type?
ADD R1, A, B
