Analyzing Workforce Distribution Data

This problem requires us to analyze the provided data table which shows the percentage distribution of India's workforce across different employment sectors and the ratio of male to female workers within those sectors during a specific year. We are also given the total workforce number and need to calculate the difference in female workforce between certain sectors.

Understanding the Given Data

The table provides the following information:

• Total workforce: 80 lakhs
• Percentage distribution of workforce in different sectors (Service, Sales, Construction and Maintenance, Professional, Management, Production and Transport, Others).
• Ratio of Male to Female workforce (M : F) for each sector.

We need to find the difference between the number of female workforce in the Sales (SA) and Management (MA) sectors combined, and the number of female workforce in the Production and Transport (PT) sector.

Step-by-Step Calculation of Female Workforce

1. Calculate Total Workforce in Relevant Sectors

First, we calculate the total number of workers in the SA, MA, and PT sectors using the given percentages and the total workforce of 80 lakhs.

• Total workforce in SA = 12% of 80 lakhs
• Total workforce in MA = 21% of 80 lakhs
• Total workforce in PT = 19% of 80 lakhs

Calculation:

• Total workforce in SA = $\frac{12}{100} \times 80$ lakhs $= \frac{960}{100} = 9.6$ lakhs
• Total workforce in MA = $\frac{21}{100} \times 80$ lakhs $= \frac{1680}{100} = 16.8$ lakhs
• Total workforce in PT = $\frac{19}{100} \times 80$ lakhs $= \frac{1520}{100} = 15.2$ lakhs

2. Calculate Female Workforce in Each Sector

Now, we use the Male:Female ratio for each sector to find the number of female workers. The ratio M:F means that for every M male workers, there are F female workers. The total number of parts in the ratio is M + F. The fraction of female workers is $\frac{F}{M+F}$.

• Sales (SA) Sector:
• M:F ratio = 5:3
• Total parts = 5 + 3 = 8
• Fraction of female workforce = $\frac{3}{8}$
• Female workforce in SA = $\frac{3}{8} \times 9.6$ lakhs $= 3 \times \frac{9.6}{8} = 3 \times 1.2 = 3.6$ lakhs

• Management (MA) Sector:
• M:F ratio = 3:4
• Total parts = 3 + 4 = 7
• Fraction of female workforce = $\frac{4}{7}$
• Female workforce in MA = $\frac{4}{7} \times 16.8$ lakhs $= 4 \times \frac{16.8}{7} = 4 \times 2.4 = 9.6$ lakhs

• Production and Transport (PT) Sector:
• M:F ratio = 5:3
• Total parts = 5 + 3 = 8
• Fraction of female workforce = $\frac{3}{8}$
• Female workforce in PT = $\frac{3}{8} \times 15.2$ lakhs $= 3 \times \frac{15.2}{8} = 3 \times 1.9 = 5.7$ lakhs

3. Calculate Combined Female Workforce in SA and MA

The total number of female workforce in SA and MA sectors put together is the sum of female workforce in SA and female workforce in MA.

• Combined female workforce (SA + MA) = Female workforce in SA + Female workforce in MA
• Combined female workforce (SA + MA) = $3.6$ lakhs $+ 9.6$ lakhs $= 13.2$ lakhs

4. Calculate the Difference

We need to find the difference between the combined female workforce in SA and MA, and the female workforce in PT.

• Difference = Combined female workforce (SA + MA) - Female workforce in PT
• Difference = $13.2$ lakhs $- 5.7$ lakhs $= 7.5$ lakhs

Conclusion

The difference in the number of female workforce in SA and MA sectors put together and the number of female workforce in PT sector is 7.5 lakhs.

Revision Table: Key Workforce Calculations

Additional Information: Data Interpretation Skills

Data interpretation questions, like the one solved, are common in competitive exams. They test your ability to extract, calculate, and compare information presented in tables, charts, or graphs. Key skills required include:

• Carefully reading the question and understanding exactly what is being asked.
• Locating the relevant data points in the table or chart.
• Performing accurate calculations (percentages, ratios, sums, differences).
• Handling large numbers (like lakhs) and units correctly.
• Comparing different values as required by the question.

Practicing with different types of data representations (tables, bar graphs, pie charts, line graphs) and various calculation types will help improve your data interpretation skills significantly. Always double-check your calculations to avoid errors.