Study the following observations noted by the author with respect to the "Make in India" initiative: India's labour laws and labour quality simply do not meet the needs of high-quality industrial production. For example, a factory or enterprise with more than 100 workers must get permission, rarely given, to retrench workers. This encourages companies to think small, not thinking big. In addition, our skilled and unskilled labour does not have the capabilities needed in modern production. Labour is poorly educated and does not have discipline for the factory floor. Not surprisingly, worker productivity is the lowest in India amongst emerging markets and major South-east Asian countries. Select the appropriate interpretation/s with respect to the above information. a. Labour laws and labour quality are the two factors posing hurdles in the way of "Make in India" initiative becoming a success. b. Worker productivity in India is lowest as they are poorly educated and lack discipline required for the factory floor. C. Worker productivity in India is lowest as companies think small and employ unskilled labour who are ready to work for low payment. d. There is no provision for education that assists persons to acquire capabilities needed for modern production.
Only a and b comply with the given information.
Analyzing Interpretations of the "Make in India" Initiative Text
The question asks us to evaluate which interpretations are logically consistent with the provided text regarding the "Make in India" initiative, specifically focusing on observations about labour laws and labour quality.
Let's examine each statement based on the information given in the passage:
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Statement a: Labour laws and labour quality are the two factors posing hurdles in the way of "Make in India" initiative becoming a success.
The text explicitly states, "India's labour laws and labour quality simply do not meet the needs of high-quality industrial production." It provides examples for both: restrictive labour laws (permission to retrench workers) and issues with labour quality (skilled/unskilled labour lacks capabilities, poorly educated, lacks discipline). This strongly supports statement a, indicating these are indeed significant hurdles mentioned by the author.
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Statement b: Worker productivity in India is lowest as they are poorly educated and lack discipline required for the factory floor.
The text states, "Labour is poorly educated and does not have discipline for the factory floor. Not surprisingly, worker productivity is the lowest in India amongst emerging markets and major South-east Asian countries." The phrase "Not surprisingly" directly connects the low productivity to the preceding issues of poor education and lack of discipline. Therefore, statement b is directly supported by the text.
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Statement c: Worker productivity in India is lowest as companies think small and employ unskilled labour who are ready to work for low payment.
The text mentions that labour laws encourage companies to "think small". It also mentions the issues with unskilled labour and low productivity. However, the text does not state that companies employ unskilled labour who are ready to work for low payment. The text links low productivity primarily to poor education and lack of discipline among the labour force, and implies the restrictive labour laws encouraging small thinking also contribute to the overall industrial environment, but it doesn't directly attribute the low productivity to companies thinking small and employing low-wage unskilled labour in the way statement c suggests. The part about "ready to work for low payment" is not in the text.
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Statement d: There is no provision for education that assists persons to acquire capabilities needed for modern production.
The text says labour is "poorly educated" and lacks "capabilities needed in modern production". This suggests that the existing education or training might be insufficient or ineffective for modern industry needs. However, it does not explicitly state that there is "no provision" for such education. It's possible provisions exist but are inadequate. Statement d makes a strong claim ("no provision") which is not directly verifiable from the given text.
Based on the analysis, statements a and b are logically consistent with the information provided in the text, while statements c and d are not fully supported by the text.
Therefore, the appropriate interpretation is that only statements a and b comply with the given information.
Important Questions from Statements and Inferences
“India is a country of rich heritage and cultural diversity.”
Which one of the following facts best supports the claim made in the above sentence?
Yoga has become a very popular exercise today. But before one joins a yoga class, he/she needs to examine the kind of fitness routine that he/she expects. If one is looking for a high energy, fast-paced aerobic workout, a yoga class might not be the best choice. The statement that best supports this paragraph is
An honest king decided to give death penalty to his minister for some mistake. But he gave him two options: "If you tell correctly what I am thinking now, you will be hanged. But if your guess is wrong, you will be killed by throwing to crocodiles". The clever minister made a statement such that the king could not kill him. The statement made by the minister is
Sita is a twelve year old girl. For many years, she has been asking her parents for a pet dog. Her parents told her that a dog would not be happy in an apartment, but they have given her permission to have a bird. Sita has not yet decided what kind of bird she would like to have. The statement that best supports this paragraph is
Directions: A statement is given followed by two inferences I and II. You have to consider the statement to be true even if it seems to be at variance with commonly known facts. You have to decide which of the given inferences, if any, follow from the given statement.
Statement:
Extensive use of pesticides in agricultural production contaminates soil and water, remain in the crops and finally enter food chain, thereby posing threat to the human beings.
Inference:
I. Excessive use of pesticides in agricultural production is not good for people.
II. Excessive use of pesticides in agricultural production can have a bad effect on water.
