Select the option that is related to the third letter-cluster in the same way as the second letter-cluster is related to the first letter-cluster. ATRG : BWSJ :: MQSJ : ?
NTTM
Understanding Letter-Cluster Analogy Problems
Letter-cluster analogy questions test your ability to find a specific relationship or pattern between groups of letters. This pattern is established between the first two clusters in the given pair, and you need to apply the exact same pattern to the third cluster to find the fourth one.
The given analogy is: ATRG : BWSJ :: MQSJ : ?
Let's analyze the relationship between the first pair: ATRG and BWSJ.
Analyzing the Pattern in ATRG : BWSJ
We will compare the position of each letter in the first cluster (ATRG) with the corresponding letter in the second cluster (BWSJ) in the English alphabet.
- First letter: A to B. Moving from A to B is a difference of +1 position (B is one step after A).
- Second letter: T to W. Moving from T to W is a difference of +3 positions (U, V, W are three steps after T).
- Third letter: R to S. Moving from R to S is a difference of +1 position (S is one step after R).
- Fourth letter: G to J. Moving from G to J is a difference of +3 positions (H, I, J are three steps after G).
So, the pattern observed between ATRG and BWSJ is a sequential increase in letter positions: +1, +3, +1, +3.
Applying the Pattern to MQSJ
Now, we apply the same (+1, +3, +1, +3) pattern to the third letter-cluster, MQSJ, to find the missing fourth cluster.
- First letter: M. Apply +1. M + 1 position is N.
- Second letter: Q. Apply +3. Q + 3 positions is T (R, S, T).
- Third letter: S. Apply +1. S + 1 position is T.
- Fourth letter: J. Apply +3. J + 3 positions is M (K, L, M).
Combining the resulting letters, we get NTTM.
Verifying the Result
The fourth letter-cluster derived by applying the pattern is NTTM. Let's check the given options:
- PTVN
- NRTN
- NTTM
- OSWL
The calculated cluster, NTTM, matches option 3.
Conclusion
The pattern relating ATRG to BWSJ is adding +1, +3, +1, and +3 to the respective letter positions. Applying this same pattern to MQSJ gives us NTTM.
| Original Cluster (ATRG) | Pattern | Resulting Cluster (BWSJ) |
|---|---|---|
| A | +1 | B |
| T | +3 | W |
| R | +1 | S |
| G | +3 | J |
| Third Cluster (MQSJ) | Pattern | Resulting Cluster (?) |
|---|---|---|
| M | +1 | N |
| Q | +3 | T |
| S | +1 | T |
| J | +3 | M |
Revision Table: Key Concepts
| Concept | Description | How it applies here |
|---|---|---|
| Letter Analogy | Finding a relationship between pairs of letter groups. | Identifying the pattern between ATRG and BWSJ. |
| Pattern Recognition | Identifying the rule (addition, subtraction, skipping letters, etc.) connecting the elements. | Discovering the +1, +3, +1, +3 rule. |
| Alphabetical Positioning | Using the sequence and position of letters in the alphabet. | Calculating the effect of adding positions (+1, +3). |
Additional Information: Tips for Letter Analogies
- Always write down the alphabet or have a mental image of it.
- Note the position number for each letter if needed (A=1, B=2, ... Z=26).
- Look for patterns in letter position shifts (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division).
- Check if the pattern involves skipping letters.
- Sometimes patterns can involve reversing the order of letters or using opposite letters (A-Z, B-Y, etc.).
- Break down the cluster letter by letter and analyze each position separately.
- Once a potential pattern is found, test it rigorously on the given pair before applying it to the third cluster.
Important Questions from Coding By Analogy
If ‘black’ is called ‘red’, ‘red’ is called ‘white’, ‘white’ is called ‘brown’, ‘brown’ is called ‘yellow’, ‘yellow’ is called ‘blue’ and ‘blue’ is called ‘green’, then what is the colour of blood?
In a certain code language, if Delhi is called Mumbai, Mumbai is called Jaipur, Jaipur is called Durgapur, Durgapur is called Chandigarh, and Chandigarh is called Jodhpur, then which city is the capital of Rajasthan?
If ‘book’ is a table, ‘table’ is a ‘fan’, ‘fan’ is a ‘chair’ and ‘chair’ is a ‘pencil’, on which of the following will a person sit?
If banana is apple, apple is grapes, grapes is litchi, litchi is nuts, nuts is guava, which of the following is a yellow fruit?
In a code language, monkey is called lion, lion is called tiger, tiger is called elephant, and elephant is called bison. Then, as per the words used in that code language, which one of the following will have black and yellow stripes over its body?
