Assertion (A) : Increase in synaptic strength is due to the simultaneous stimulation of pre - synaptic and post - synaptic neurons.
Reason (R) : Long term Potentiation can be induced in the laboratory by stimulating the pre - synaptic neurons with pulses of high frequency of electricity for few seconds.
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Synaptic Strength and LTP Analysis
Assertion (A) Truthfulness
The assertion states that an increase in synaptic strength occurs due to the simultaneous stimulation of pre-synaptic and post-synaptic neurons. This principle aligns with Hebbian learning, often summarized as "neurons that fire together, wire together." When both neurons involved in a synapse are active at the same time, the connection between them is strengthened. Therefore, Assertion (A) is considered true.
Reason (R) Truthfulness
The reason posits that Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) can be induced in a laboratory by stimulating pre-synaptic neurons with high-frequency electrical pulses for a short duration. LTP is a well-established phenomenon representing a persistent strengthening of synapses based on recent patterns of activity. High-frequency stimulation (HFS) is a standard method used to experimentally induce LTP in brain slices or in vivo. Thus, Reason (R) is true.
LTP as Explanation for Synaptic Strength
The relationship between Assertion (A) and Reason (R) needs to be examined. Assertion (A) describes a general principle: simultaneous stimulation strengthens synapses. Reason (R) describes a specific experimental method (LTP induction via HFS) that demonstrates and utilizes this principle. The high-frequency stimulation described in Reason (R) leads to repeated, synchronized activation of pre- and post-synaptic neurons, which is the mechanism underlying LTP and thus explains the increase in synaptic strength mentioned in Assertion (A). Therefore, Reason (R) provides a correct explanation for Assertion (A).
Final Conclusion
Based on the analysis, both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are factually correct statements. Furthermore, the experimental procedure and phenomenon described in Reason (R) (LTP induction) directly serve as evidence and explanation for the principle stated in Assertion (A) (synaptic strengthening via simultaneous stimulation).
This corresponds to Option A: Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
Important Questions from Nervous system
Which one of the following synaptic vesicle proteins is involved in tethering of the vesicle to the cytoskeletal system in the nerve terminus?
In the nervous system, the action potential is generated at the axon hillock in physiological conditions and it is conducted to the terminal end of axon. The location specific origin of action potential and its direction-specific conduction are explained by a researcher in the following proposed statements:
A. The membrane of axon hillock has highest threshold for the generation of action potential
B. The membrane of axon hillock contains large numbers of voltage-gated Na+ channels and that makes it more excitable
C. The propagating action potential in the middle of the axon cannot generate another action potential in the direction of cell body since a large fraction of voltage-gated Na+ channels in the preceding portion is voltage inactivated
D. As the number of voltage-gated Na+ channels is less in the preceding portion of axonal membrane, the propagating action potential in the middle of the axon cannot generate another action potential in the direction of cell body.
Which one of the following combinations represents both correct explanations?
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