Pleural effusion with very low glucose levels is often indicative of certain underlying medical conditions. In this question, we are asked to identify which of the listed conditions is commonly associated with pleural effusion characterized by very low glucose.

Let's evaluate each option:

1. Malignancy: While pleural effusions associated with malignancy can show low glucose levels, they typically do not present with significantly decreased glucose as a characteristic feature.
2. Tuberculosis: Tuberculous pleural effusion can lead to low glucose levels, but not usually as low as those seen in rheumatoid arthritis.
3. SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus): Pleural effusion in SLE may show varying glucose levels, but it is not characteristically low to the same extent as in rheumatoid arthritis.
4. Rheumatoid arthritis: In the case of rheumatoid arthritis, pleural effusion can present with markedly low glucose levels, often less than 30 mg/dL. This is due to the presence of inflammatory cells and increased metabolism of glucose by these cells.

Conclusion: Among the given options, rheumatoid arthritis is the condition most characteristically associated with pleural effusion with very low glucose levels. This makes 'Rheumatoid arthritis' the correct answer.